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["Reference","Reference type (journal; grey literature;  website; anecdotal; other (specify)","Country(ies)","Other Location information","Climatic change/ hazard / impact","Climate change hazard (select all that apply)","Impact on / opportunity for humans","Human response","Human Response (select any changes in the following activities)","Already happened? Ongoing? Expected to happen? Recommended or suggested?","Date (or expected) of action","Scale? (individual/subsistence; local/community; regional; national; international)","Impacts to biodiversity mentioned? (specify)","Impacts to biodiversity suspected? (describe)","Possible BENEFIT to biodiversity?","Additional comments","Compiled by (name)"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Ongoing deforstation leads to soil degradation pressure, leading to increased flooding impacts, lower agricultural productitivy and ecological sensibility","promote alternative renewable energies for avoided deforestation","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends on energy types used, but likely beneficial","Y - Likely to increase forest habitat",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns"," cultivation techniques for increased water retention and erosion prevention;","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends on techniques used","Unknown, but possibly Y due to erosion prevention",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns"," changes in agricultural practices for the conservation of soil humidity and nutrients, avoiding superficial draining and controlling erosion;","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends on techniques used","Unknown, but possibly Y due to erosion prevention",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns","Improvement in the use and availability of water and soil erosion control","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends on techniques used","Unknown, but possibly Y due to erosion prevention",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns","Rotation of cultures and changes in the periods of planting and harvesting","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns","Drip irrigation and concentration of irrigation on growth periods;","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns"," Integration between agriculture, livestock and forestry, and installation of wind breakers","Livelihood type","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Risks to agricultural production because extreme variations in rain patterns","Reforestation in arid and semi-arid zones","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Mitigation + increased resilience","Other (please specify)","Mitigation + increased resilience","Extend electricity grid to rural areas (micro scale power plants – hydro, wind and solar + small local grids)","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends on the scale and technologies used",null,null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity or success","Diversification of agricultural products","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Lack of water for human use (no purpose specified)","Increase water availability through village-level wells and boreholes","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown","Unknown",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Lack of water (no purpose specified)","implement water harvesting\n systems in drought-prone areas","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Unknown - depends where the water is being harvested from!","Y - possible habitat/resourc for species (depends on design and management)",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation of human inhabitated/cultivated lands","Construct flood protection barriers along major rivers","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible loss of riparian habitat + barriers preventing aquatic-terrestrial movemnt of species","U - possible opportunity if Ecosystem-based Adaptation methods are used",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Angola (2011)","NAPA","Angola","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Inundation of coastal areas","Construct sea level protection\n structure","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Risk of coastal squeeze + loss of coastal habitat","U - possible opportunity if Ecosystem-based Adaptation methods are used",null,"Jamie"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Lack of water","Development of catchments for water and land conservation","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Desertification","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity or success","Forestation of catchments to contribute to Burundi eco-climate system restoration","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Floods","Flooding","Damage to land","Flood and risings prevention programme","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation effort","Reforestation and management of existing forests","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation effort","Promotion of new and renewable energies (solar, photovoltaic and biogas in the centres of public interest and households in the rural area)","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought","Drought","desertification","Rehabilitation of degraded areas","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought","Drought","lack of water","Forestation of Burundi stripped massifs and catchments","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Protection/restoration of the marshy limits and buffer zones downstream from the lakes of Bugesera","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Development and integrated management of littoral floodplain of Lake Tanganyika","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Desertification","Other (please specify)","Pollution of water sources","Protect catchments against erosion and reforest the stripped zones of Mumirwa and the Congo-Nile watershed","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation","Control the dynamics of rivers and torrents in Burundi western catchments (plains and slopes)","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation of human habited zone","Channel surface water through the city of Bujumbura (rainwater and rivers)","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Is this relevant?","Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Growing of edible mushrooms: pleurotus","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible change to local ecosystem",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Floods","Flooding","Loss of agricultural productivity or success","Development of mean altitude marshes to grow irrigated rice and food crops","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Burundi (2007)","NAPA","Burundi","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Promotion of crops resistant to long dryness (bananas)","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construction of small family size cisterns, communitarian cisterns and respective collection surfaces, reservoirs, capture, provision and water storage in frastructures, small dams or aqueducts, and promoting diffusion of localized and drip irrigation, particularly for fruit and vegetable crops","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promote installation of water harvest systems from clouds in high altitude zones","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construction of infrastructure for recharge of aquifers and retention in order to diminish the losses through underground draining in direction of the sea, such as underground filters","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Floods and landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Loss of agricultural productivity","Intensification and diversification of production of vegetable and fruits crops through the introduction of more adapted crops","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Floods and landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construction of torrential correction levees, small walls for correction of ravines in the hillsides, terraces, and other mechanical WSC structures","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Floods and landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Loss of agricultural productivity","Support to the practice of vegetable and fruit crop production in pluvial zones, using drip irrigation","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde (2007)","NAPA","Cape Verde","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation of coastal areas","Installation and rehabilitation of coastal protection systems (flexible and rigid)","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of crop varieties that are more adapted to drought","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Defence and restoration of degraded soils","Other","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought and heavy rains","Drought, Flooding","Degradation of soil","Restoration of basin slopes","Other","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Development of water harnessing, collection and storage infrastructures","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Simple pumping wells equipment (manual, solar, wind pumps)","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Identification of new water sources (surface or underground)","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible change of water availability",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Cyclones and extreme events","Storms","Soil degradation","Plantation of fodder trees around the goats pen enclosures and in the natural pastures","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Comoros (2006)","NAPA","Comoros","National","Oceanic temperature rise","Other (please specify)","Lack of fish for human consumption","Making and assembling of Fish Concentration Mechanisms","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on implementation details","Y - possible increase in fish numbers",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Eritrea (2007)","NAPA","Eritrea","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for livestock","Construction of soil/water conservation and small stream diversion structures on the rangeland","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Eritrea (2007)","NAPA","Eritrea","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for livestock","Reseeding of the rangeland with suitable grass and legume species","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Eritrea (2007)","NAPA","Eritrea","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Construct an effective soil and water conservation structures for farm and non farm lands","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Eritrea (2007)","NAPA","Eritrea","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","establishing spate irrigated cereal crop production system","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Ethiopia (2008)","NAPA","Ethiopia","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construction/development of dams, boreholes and ponds","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Ethiopia (2008)","NAPA","Ethiopia","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Develop river diversion schemes using gravity or pump supply for small scale irrigation schemes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Construction of water supply/control infrastructure","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Drought","Drought","Desertification","Promotion and adoption of appropriate agro-forestry systems and reforestation","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Drought","Drought","Stress on energy security","Briquetting and Carbonization of Groundnut Shells","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on use of Groundnut shells by local species",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of animal fodder","Establishment and management of fodder tree plantation including intensive feed gardens","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Erosion of coastal areas","Construction or rehabilitation of groynes","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Gambia (2007)","NAPA","Gambia","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Erosion of coastal areas","Rehabilitation of wetlands","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Guinea-Bissau (2008)","NAPA","Guinea-Bissau","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of potable water","Construction of wells and boreholes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Guinea-Bissau (2008)","NAPA","Guinea-Bissau","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Increase vegetation cover with drought-resistant species","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promote local generation of drought-resistant cereal and crop varieties","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Expansion of production of high value cash crops such as asparagus","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Development of vegetable and fruit tree gardens","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Building small dams and other storage facilities","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Acquisition and maintenance of equipment for drip irrigation systems","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Building tanks for roof water harvesting","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Identify new well fields and sink boreholes for water supply in the communities","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Increase collection of spring water by use of pipes and distribution tanks.","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Construction of stone lines and diversion furrows","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Planting trees and grasses in the gullies","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Y - possible provision of habitat","Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Reseeding of rangelands","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Planting fodder crops and grasses on marginal lands","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Construction of diversion furrows and terraces","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Planting fruit trees on marginal lands","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Lesotho (2007)","NAPA","Lesotho","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Afforestation of marginal lands","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Liberia (2007)","NAPA","Liberia","National","Extreme weather","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Provision of crop varietites and improved breeds of livestock and medication","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Y - possible provision of habitat","Jo"]
["NAPA - Liberia (2007)","NAPA","Liberia","National","Floods","Flooding","Coastal erosion","Construction of a Groyne System in Monrovia","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Liberia (2007)","NAPA","Liberia","National","Floods","Flooding","Coastal erosion","Construction of Break Water System in Buchanan","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation","Construction of canals","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Torrential rainfall and landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Destruction and damage of infraestructures","Build Climate Resilient Infrastructure","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Floods","Flooding","Contamination of wells and increase of stagnant water","Build infrastructures for adequate urban and rural access to water","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Change on the amount of water required",null,"High priority","Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Floods","Flooding","Contamination of wells and increase of stagnant water","Construction of wastewater treatment plants","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - less water pollution",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of fish for food","Diversify diet with more protein content fish in hinterlands","Other","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible - more local fish consumed",null,"High priority","Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Coastal erosion","Supply of equipment, fishing gear and boats to support artisanal fisheries","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of habitats and ecosystem services","Reforestation plans","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of habitats and ecosystem services","Promote the reduction of wild animal hunt","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - if use of alternative substency means","High priority","Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of habitats and ecosystem services","Protection of soil in cleared and felled areas programme","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of food security","Mechanisms for sustainable livestock farming in the pilot areas of Moca and Evinayong","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected","Y - reduced farming impact",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea (2013)","NAPA","Equatorial Guinea","National","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of energy security","Development of the electricity grid to increase access to energy","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible on birds and habitat fragmentation",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Malawi (2006)","NAPA","Malawi","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promoting sustainable utilization of dambos, wetlands and river valleys under sustainable dimba cultivation","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Malawi (2006)","NAPA","Malawi","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Diversifying crops and livestock to improve nutrition and food security","Crop practices, Livestock practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Malawi (2006)","NAPA","Malawi","National","Drought and floods","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Developing improved crop varieties and providing adequate seed","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Malawi (2006)","NAPA","Malawi","National","Drought","Drought, Flooding","Lack of water","Building multi-purpose dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - depends on details",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Malawi (2006)","NAPA","Malawi","National","Floods and droughts","Drought, Flooding","Lack of fish for human consumption","Establishing  fish  breeding  and  fish  farming  sites  for  restocking,  food  security  and income generation","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - depends on details",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of fodder for livestock","Introduction of new fodder species in the natural routes","Livestock practices, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of fodder for livestock","Unrefined fodder enrichment by urea processing","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Drought and hydrological changes","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Lack of water for agriculture","the experimental use, of high-yield, fast-growing crop varieties, suitable for various zones","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","acquisition and the installation of pumping equipment and of the irrigation network","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Experimental use of the drip technique in oasis zones","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Construction of Flooding deceleration gates to increase the availability of water in the water table","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Install electric motor pumps for the irrigation of 1000 hectares","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Siltation","Erosion/landslides","Damage to infrastructure","Fixation of drifting dunes","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - sand dune habitat won't move",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of fuel","planting of quickset hedges, reforestation for energy and agro-forestry in agricultural zones","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal inundation","the building of a breakwater for the protection of the coastal town of Nouakchott","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Extreme weather and flooding","Flooding","Coastal inundation","dredging and reshaping the dune bar of Nouakchott","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mauritania (2004)","NAPA","Mauritania","National","Extreme weather and flooding","Flooding","Coastal inundation","Protection and reforestation by adapted species along 20 km of Nouakchott coastline","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought, hydrological changes, extreme weather","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of agricultural productivity","Build infrastructure for the collection and conservation of rain water for subsequent use in the drought season",null,"Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought, hydrological changes, extreme weather","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of agricultural productivity","Drill wells or water boreholes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought, hydrological changes, extreme weather","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of agricultural productivity","Install small scale sustainable irrigation systems","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","explore the use of renewable energy to power the agricultural system","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought, hydrological changes, extreme weather","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Disseminate and encourage the use of drought tolerant crops","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal erosion","Plant native trees in the mangrove zones which have been logged","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal erosion","Construction of protection barriers in densely populated areas with erosion problems","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Lack of water","Build river water level protection and control dikes in proximity to the river basins in flood and drought prone areas","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Mozambique (2008)","NAPA","Mozambique","National","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Contamination of water supply","Build protection barriers against saline intrusion in proximity to estuaries","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of fodder for livestock","Introducing fodder crops species in pastoral areas","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Contamination of water supply","Building of anti-erosion structures and trees planting","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Contamination of water supply","Fixation of sand dunes","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Restoration of basins for the promotion of crop irrigation","Land conversion, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Restoration and creation of irrigation infrastructures","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Wells drilling","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of potable water","Creation and/ or restoration of modern water points for providing drinkable water","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Development of surface water points","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Farming-oriented infrastructures for harnessing ground water (borings, wells, cesspools, etc) are created or rehabilitated","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Reforestation","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Mixed (drought, sandstorms, floods)","Drought, Flooding","Soil degradation","Creation of small anti-erosion infrastructures","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Mixed (drought, sandstorms, floods)","Drought, Flooding","Soil degradation","Reforestation, land grassing, creation of small nurseries","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","siltation","Building of sand seats to treat water courses embankments","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","siltation","Plantation of live fences and erection of other fences","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Niger (2006)","NAPA","Niger","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","siltation","Ponds dredging","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Mixed","Other (please specify)","réduction des rendements agricoles ","Rural exodus*","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"*measures cited by the population but its sense and sustainability are questionable/ quoted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville and Savalou","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Application of large doses of fertilizer*","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Fertilizers pollution",null,"*measures cited by the population but its sense and sustainability are questionable/ quoted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville, Savalou and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Artificial rain*","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"*measures cited by the population but its sense and sustainability are questionable/ quoted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville, Tanguiéta, Savalou and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Short cycle crops","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Tanguiéta and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Redevelopment of agricultural calendars","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of fish for food","Fishermen conversion in breeders","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Fish farm impact","Y - reduce fishing pressure","extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville and Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Torrential rainfall","Increased rainfall","Inundation","Dredging of rivers","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Tanguiéta","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Use of alternative food products","Other","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible depending on the new species collected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2007","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Tanguiéta","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for livestock","Drought resistant cattle","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Tanguiéta","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Development of horticultural crops","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Malanville and Savalou","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Increase of human diseases","Promotion of traditional pharmacopoeia","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible use of endemic flora??",null,"extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Aguégués, Adjohoun, Grand – Popo","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Decrease of vegetation cover renewal","Reforestation campaign","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - soil protection, etc","extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","Savalou","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Decrease of vegetation cover renewal","Use of butane gas in large cities","Energy source","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - less use of wood","extracted from Aho et al., 2006","Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Coastal flooding","Sea level rise","Lack of fish for food","Development of lagoon fishing and fish farming","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible fishery impact",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy source","Reforestation plans","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - soil protection, etc",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for livestock","Drought resistant cattle","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy source","Development of waterfalls and cascades for micro hydropower","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy source","Promoting solar equipment","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal erosion","Regeneration and conservation of aquatic flora","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal erosion","Sand extraction from non-litoral areas","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible in the new extraction place","Y - stop impact on coast",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Improve exploitation of surface and groundwater","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Protection and rehabilitation of the banks of water bodies","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - banks restoration",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Protection of water resources against pollution","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Strengthening the supply of drinking water in rural areas","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Benin (2008)","NAPA","Benin","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Development of water reservoirs","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Deepening traditional wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Digging pits in river beds","Water mgmt","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Digging new modern wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Implementation of simplified drinking water supply systems for large rural agglomeration","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Pumping (pump and sprinklers) water streams, ponds and natural lakes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Construction of dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Development of irrigation and aquaculture areas","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for wild animals","Creating a subsurface dam","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev, Fishing/aquaculture practices, Livelihood type","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for wild animals","Creation of artificial lakes for wildlife","Water mgmt, Land conversion","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for human consumption","Abandonment of water intensive crops (yams, etc.)","Crop practices","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Food insecurity","Diversification of the products and the operating systems (animal traction, irrigated crops, technical CES-DRS, etc.) ","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Food insecurity","Migration","Migration","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Use of Zaï (Zaï: agricultural technique of digging holes in the dry season of about 20 to 30 cm in diameter and 15 cm deep in which one adds organic matter and to collect rain water for crops)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Fertilizers and pesticide use","Crop practices, Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","nutrient/pesticide runoff could harm natural areas bordering farms",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Redevelopment of agricultural calendars","Crop practices","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso, Sudan","Sudanese host regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for livestock","Settlement of transhumant farms in host Sudanese regions","Livelihood location","Ongoing","Current practices","International","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Practice of forage, constitution of fodder stocks (crop residues, hay, straw)","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Increased pastoral exploitation of protected areas (classified forests, parks and wildlife reserves);","Natural habitat encroachment, Livelihood location, Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Impact non mentioned but probable","Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Delineation and development of pastoral areas","Land conversion, Livelihood location, Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Agro pastoral practice by the agricultural commitment of pastors and the acquisition of animals by farmers","Livelihood type, Livestock mgmt","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Practice of fattening of animals","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Farmers reconversion to other activities","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Assisted forest regeneration","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Reforestation using local species","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Fight against bush fires and uncontrolled logging","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Planting of medicinal species and orchard management.","Crop practices","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Delimitation and monitoring of village forests","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Creation of village hunting zones of interest (ZOVIC) and unconventional livestock","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of fish for food","Improvement of aquaculture areas (fish, ...) and stocking of some rivers","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Using new equipment valuing wood energy (improved houses) and wood recovered of cleared large structures","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Current practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Rainfall excess","Increased rainfall","Inundation and erosion","Diking protection and river control thresholds","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Rainfall excess","Increased rainfall","Pollution of surface water","Placing devices and perimeters of protection against pollution of rivers and water catchment works (lakes, wells, boreholes, etc.)","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promoting the use of improved adapted seeds ","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Development of irrigated crops and promotion of supplementary irrigation","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promotion of organic fertilizer (manure pits and composters)","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of water for agriculture","Fight against desertification or sedimentation in ponds, reservoirs and streams","Other","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Vague measure description","Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Securing pastoral areas and strategic pastoral areas (slums, watercourses, access roads to water points, etc.)","Livelihood location, Livestock practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Forage production and constitution of food stocks (hay, crop residues, straw, SPAI)","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Low livestock production","Rational intensification of livestock systems (Breeding, fattening, milk production)","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Reforestation, assisted natural regeneration and forest zai","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Promotion of improved houses, renewable energy and alternative energy equipment","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso (2007)","NAPA","Burkina Faso","National","Hyrdrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of fish for food","Development of aquaculture (fish farming in particular)","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic (2008)","NAPA","Central African Republic","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Creation of village hunting zones","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from the project activities, measures proposed are too vague","Ana"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic (2008)","NAPA","Central African Republic","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Promotion of plant production and nurseries","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from the project activities, measures proposed are too vague","Ana"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic (2008)","NAPA","Central African Republic","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Development of a seed plot","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from the project activities, measures proposed are too vague","Ana"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic (2008)","NAPA","Central African Republic","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Establishment of facilities or distribution system or marketing of the produced domestic energy","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from the project activities, measures proposed are too vague","Ana"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic (2008)","NAPA","Central African Republic","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of water for human consumption","Set up a supply system for drinking water","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"extracted from the project activities, measures proposed are too vague","Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Using tubers forest plants for subsistence","Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Low livestock production","Livestock dispersed in several places to prevent collective death","Livestock mgmt, Livelihood location","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Low livestock production","Transhumance","Livestock mgmt, Livelihood location","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Increase of human diseases","Traditional health practice using  plant leaves","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Food insecurity","Movement / migration of the population","Migration","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Dunes advance","Dune stabilization by the leaves of the date palm","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","High temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Lack of food for livestock","Pasture during nights","Livestock mgmt","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Destruction and damage of infraestructures","Refuge in caves","Other","Happened","Endogenous practices","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","Sudanese, Sahelian and Saharan areas (oasis area)","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Creation of hydraulic structures for irrigation (dikes, dams, retention basins, ...)","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","could affect aquatic organisms",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","Sudanese, Sahelian and Saharan areas (oasis area)","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Development of irrigated crops and horticulture around water points","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","Sudanese, Sahelian and Saharan areas (oasis area)","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Reforestation","Land conversion, Natural resouce use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","Sudanese and Sahelian zones of Chad","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Redevelopment of agricultural calendars","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil degradation","Soil restauration: identification of appropriate species and establishment of community nurseries","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Chad (2010)","NAPA","Chad","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Landscaping and planting of the most suitable forage species","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - reduce impact of transhumance",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo (2006)","NAPA","Democratic Republic of Congo ","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Electrification of urban and rural environments","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo (2006)","NAPA","Democratic Republic of Congo ","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Drilling water wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo (2006)","NAPA","Democratic Republic of Congo ","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Development of water reservoirs","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo (2006)","NAPA","Democratic Republic of Congo ","National","Torrential rainfall","Increased rainfall","Destruction and damage of infraestructures","Rural settlement","Migration","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","Day and Mabla forests","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Promote restriction to the forest perimeter besides improving stoves","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promotion of integrated agro-livestock farms","Livelihood type, Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","Doda and Grand Bara zones","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Regeneration of endogenous pastures","Land conversion, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","Coastal areas","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Regeneration of the mangrove ","Land conversation, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","Coastal areas","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Restoration of marine protected areas through corals protection ","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","National","Drought","Drought","Soil salinitation","Promotion of agricultural irrigation techniques adapted to fight against salinity in the agricultural perimeters","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"too vague description","Ana"]
["NAPA - Djibouti (2006)","NAPA","Djibouti","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil degradation","Banks protection and restoration of degraded lands for agriculture","Land conversion, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Landslides and floods","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Coastal erosion","Integrated management of basins and fight against reduction of natural water reservoirs","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Landslides and floods","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Damage to infrastructure","Preparation and implementation of master plan for the protection of productive lands and vulnerable infrastructures threatened by landslides and floods","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of irrigation by gravity systems in micro-plots downstream","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Realization of valley dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Rehabilitation of existing water points for drinking water and put in place protection areas in East and South East regions","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Rwanda (2007)","NAPA","Rwanda","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Supply electricity through utilization of alternative energies","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture and people","Construction of system of drinking water supply","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Floods","Flooding","Land destruction","Construction of ditches of drainage","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal flooding","Construction of barriers","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal flooding","Relocation of local communities","Migration","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal flooding","Construction of dikes","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal flooding and erosion","Rehabilitation of beaches and protection of tourist zones","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Extreme weather","Storms","Coastal erosion","Dragged of sands","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not sure what is meant by 'Dragged of sands' but feel  it could be relevant!","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Extreme weather","Storms","Coastal erosion","Construction of barriers, roads and bridges","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To rehabilitate the overhead irrigations","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of biodiversity","Intensive plantations of trees (reforestation campaign)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To rehabilitate the shadow of cocoa and coffee plantation.","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To build reservoirs of water for animals","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of biodiversity","To eliminate arbitrary trees cuts","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Land destruction","To plant trees to protect the hillsides","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Land destruction","To prohibit severe cutting of trees in the hillsides","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Floods","Flooding","Destruction of forest","Plantation of adaptable arboreal species to the vulnerability factors","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Cyclones and extreme events","Storms","Vegetation destruction","Construction of barriers with resistant trees to strong winds","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Reintroduction of watering system in the agriculture","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Construction of a national laboratory of water","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Forest destruction","Introduction of new technology to use firewood and coal wood Through improved stoves","Natural resource use, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)","NAPA","Sao Tome and Principe","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Forest destruction","Introduction of renewable energy (solar, eolic, biomass)","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Development of Inland Valley Swamps For Rice Production in the Moyamba District","Land conversion, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - depends on details",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Land degradation","Establishments of protected forestry areas, conducting wetland biodiversity assent and mapping","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Land degradation","Rehabilitation of degraded areas","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construction of appropriate irrigation and drainage systems","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Repair and/or reinstallation of water distribution networks","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","capturing, storing, and utilizing rainwater for domestic and commercial use","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Installation of rainwater harvesting systems in hospitals and other key institutions","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Destruction of ecosystems","Identify and delineate vulnerable fishery habitats","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Destruction of ecosystems","Propose measures to minimize the degradation of vulnerable/critical habitats","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Destruction of ecosystems","Develop management plans for vulnerable/critical habitats","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal damage","Creation of tree nurseries","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal damage","Carryout restorative activities in partnership with local communities","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Sea-level rise","Sea level rise","inundation of coastal areas","Construction of support structure (pier or jetty) for sea-level observation station","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Sea-level rise","Sea level rise","inundation of coastal areas","Construction of stilling well","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone (2008)","NAPA","Sierra Leone","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of potable water","Construct appropriate low cost water supply systems","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of agricultural productivity","Rehabilitation and reinstatement of degraded ecosystems, in particular rangeland areas, forests and areas with a high potential for cultivation","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of agricultural productivity","demonstrate sustainable land management measures (reduce erosion, increase soil fertility, reduce crop losses, reduce burning, enhanced forest, shrub and grazing vegetation) to increase resilience to climate risks","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of agricultural productivity","Demonstrate models to diversify rural household income, including agro-forestry based livelihoods models, rangeland and wildlife protection schemes, and investment into production of sustainable household energy appliances such as fuel efficient stoves","Livelihood type, Natural resource use, ","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable access to water","Construction of large scale water capture and storage facilities and equitable distribution and access systems","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable access to water","construction and rehabilitation of communnity level infrastructure including berkeds, shallow wells, ponds and other appropriate technologies","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable access to water","construction of embankments/gabions and check-dams to protect flood-prone areas","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Somalia (2013)","NAPA","Somalia","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable access to water","Physical protection of critical water resources (rivers, springs, wells, groundwater) to provide safe water supply during climate change extreme events","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Designing and constructing water harvesting systems (from stone, sand, and other local materials as necessary) to harvest rainfall run-off","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Use of water-harvesting techniques in order to increase feeding rate of ground water and to reduce soil erosion","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Desertification","Combat desertification by a-forestation, fruit tree planting and agro forestry","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat","High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Increasing temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of heat resistant plant varieties and intensification of growing season (winter, summer, autumn) in order to reduce dependency on a single season (winter) and diversification of grown crops in each season to reduce risk of mono-cropping","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Increasing temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of new economic crops such as sesame, sunflower, summer legumes, fodders","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Increasing temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of agricultural productivity","ncrease the cultivated area particularly in terrace area through improvement of irrigation, digging and cleaning of irrigation channels from the accumulated sand","Land conversion, Livelihood location, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Digging of water pools (hafirs) and wells for domestic and animal uses","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Establishment of rocky barriers to reduce wind speed and intensification of trees planting in villages and towns and along irrigation channels","Infrastucture dev, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Damage to land","Sand dunes fixation through planting of shelter belts and wind breaks","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details","Y - ecosystem recovery","High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Fires","Establishment of nurseries","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat","High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Damage to land","Management of rangeland using water-harvesting techniques, reseeding of rich and favourable species","Water mgmt, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Damage to land","Preservation of forests and establishment of grazing allotments","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery","High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Enlargement of the water reservoirs behind the dams and water catchments","Natural resource use, Land conversion, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for human consumption","Use of filters and pipes for improvement of water supply to the villages and residential areas","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of irrigation systems for pasture improvement and grazing management","Water mgmt, Livestock mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction of fish species for additional nutrition of high protein and income generation","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"High priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Desertification, human migration","Rehabilitation of gum arabic belt for poverty reduction, combating desertification and conservation of biodiversity","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not high priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Fodder production for livelihoods improvement","Livestock mgmt","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not high priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Sudan (2007)","NAPA","Sudan","National","Drought","Drought","Less livestock, price fluctuations","New livestock routes through areas less prone to drought","Livestock mgmt, Livelihood location","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,"Not high priority","Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Small scale irrigation","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","R&D on drought tolerant seed varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Diversification of agriculture: growing different types of crops on different land units","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Water harvesting","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought and increased temperature","Drought, Increased temperatures","Threats to livestock","Strengthen cross breading for resistant breeds","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought and increased temperature","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Threats to livestock","Promote zero grazing","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought and increased temperature","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Forest damage","National wide tree planting campaign","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought and increased temperature","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Forest damage","conservation of forest biodiversity, water catchment and soil fertility","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of water","New dam sites","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of water","Rainwater harvesting","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of water","New infrastructure","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Shortage of materials","application of clearner production technologies","Other","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Shortage of materials","Increasing availability of biomass resources","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Shortage of materials","Protection of hydropower water catchments","Water mgmt, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","inundation of coastal areas","Protecting the seashore by building barrier walls, e.g. along the Ocean Road.","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To establish water harvesting and storage techniques","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To develop reservoirs and underground water abstraction","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","To promote community-based catchments conservation and management","Water mgmt, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Sea level rise and floods","Sea level rise, Flooding","Contamination of water supply","Rehabilitation of the traditional wells not yet inundated with sea water intrusion","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Sea level rise and floods","Sea level rise, Flooding","Contamination of water supply","Implementation of new water sources and supply","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Drought","Drought","Soil degradation","Establishing nurseries and replanting trees in the degraded areas","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - possible provision of habitat",null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Construction/upgrade of access road to the mini-hydro station","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo","Sea level rise, Flooding"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Construction of power house and water ways","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Modifications and reinforcement of the exiting canal","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Tanzania (2007)","NAPA","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Energy insecurity","Construction of transmission and distribution network","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Drought","Drought","Fires","Practice of early fires, firewalls and hedges","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Mandiana, Kankan, Dinguiraye, Kouroussa, Dabola,  Tougué,  Mali, Koudara,  Beyla , Boké, Siguiri, Gaoual ","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Promotion of agroforestry (Association of agricultural crops with forest species)","Natural resource use, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - carbon sequestration",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Mali, Koubia, Mandiana, Siguiri, Koundara","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Construction of improved wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Mandiana, Tougué, Boké, Beyla,","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Purification of surface water by Hydropur","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Tougué, Gaoual, Siguiri,  Gaoual, Lélouma and Dinguiraye ","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Construction of multipurpose micro-dams, check dams and impluviums (irrigation, pastoral water and domestic)","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Establishment and management of protected areas","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - no pressure on this areas",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Restoration of forest and mangrove zones","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal erosion","Green belts to protect plains and evoid coastal erosion","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of wood for energy ","Equipment production, resource substitution and dissemination of knowledge for reducing the consumption of wood energy (improved stoves)","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Coastal areas: Boffa, Dubréka, Forécariah","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of fish for food","Initiation of coastal populations in the mangrove oyster rearing technique","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Coastal areas","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of wood for energy ","Promotion of salt lakes for salt extraction without the use of wood as energy","Natural resource use, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - stop anarchic cutting of mangrove wood",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Tougué, Mali, Lélouma, Dalaba, Mamou et Koubia ","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil erosion","Erosion control mechanic-practices for crop protection","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Introduction and use of improved and adapted species","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promotion of traditional containment techniques for rice paddies","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil erosion","Promoting uproars and traditional soil enrichment techniques","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss of livestock productivity","Promotion of semi-intensive farming instead of transhumance","Crop practices, Livelihood location","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Guinea (2007)","NAPA","Guinea","Mangrove estuaries: Boffa, Dubréka and Forécariah ","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of fish for food","Protection of spawning areas in the mangroves","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Y - species recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","Morondava","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal infraestructure destruction","Installation of a device to break the force of the waves","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Reforestation using adapted species with ecological values","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Construction of protective dikes and dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of farm-agricultural productivity","Intensification of crop and livestock production, particularly through the acquisition of agricultural equipment, inputs distribution and vaccination","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","National","Winds and heavy rains","Changes in wind, Increased rainfall","Soil erosion","Watershed protection and dune fixation through the restoration of vegetable cover","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","Coastal areas","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal erosion","Establishment of infrastructures such as dams, ears to prevent the sea level mounted","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","Coastal areas","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Coastal erosion","Plantations of mangroves and causarinas to protect from wind","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Madagascar (2006)","NAPA","Madagascar","Malagasy","non-controlled human deforestation/burn cultivation","Other (please specify)",null,"Reforestation of rural areas with reforestation plan with appropriate / suitable species","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Climate change is not the cause","Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Migration from north to south and emigration to the coastal countries and Occident","Migration","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","New land occupation in altitude for agriculture","Land conversion, Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation","Displacement of populations from affected areas to more appropriate sites","Migration","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Lack of water for agriculture","Use of adapted crop varieties, short cycle","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Decline and variation of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Loss of agricultural productivity","Redevelopment of agricultural calendars","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Construction of small rural dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Construction of artificial ponds and small streams in the villages","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Drilling and deepening of water wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Planning for recharging the water table","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Degradation of forest resources","Improved Stoves programme","Energy source","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil degradation","Use of organic manure","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy","Strengthened of hydroelectric centrals by generators during the period when lakes are half empty","Energy source","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Degradation of forest resources","Animal dung is collected in the dry season for use in rainy and cold season as an energy source","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Regions of Sikasso, Ségou, Koulikoro, Mopti, Kayes, Tombouctou  ","Drought","Drought","Loss of farm-agricultural productivity","Adoption of crop varieties, improved animal and plant species adapted to climatic conditions","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Regions of Koulikoro and Sikasso","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Agro-ecologic basin degradation","Hydraulic micro-dams and development of lowlands to promote irrigated crops","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Kidal, Tombouctou, Gao ","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Boreholes fitted with solar pumps or wind turbines","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Office du Niger","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy","Use of Typha australis as energy resource","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - help control the expansion of this plant",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Water runoff catchment, creation and restoration of water points","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Sikasso, Ségou, Koulikoro, Kayes, Mopti","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Resticted use and community reforestation","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Inner Niger Delta","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Promotion and conduct regeneration of forage species","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of livestock productivity","Promotion of intensive farming","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Mali (2007)","NAPA","Mali","Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso and Ségou ","Drought","Drought","Lack of energy","Promoting jatropha oil","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Floods","Flooding","Contamination of water supply","Relocate communities to safer areas/districts","Migration","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Floods","Flooding","Contamination of water supply leading to poor health","Re -introduce herbal plants from other areas","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Develop and promote appropriate rainwater harvesting technologies","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Develop and promote simple and low cost irrigation technologies","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Construct, protect and maintain valley dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Loss of agricultural productivity","Develop water reservoirs inside protected areas","Water mgmt, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","development and promoting drought tolerant perennials and early maturing varieties and breeds of crops","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promotion of nucleus multipurpose trees suitable for improved livestock production","Natural resource use, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Uganda (2007)","NAPA","Uganda","National","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Promotion of a micro community rainwater harvesting and storage system","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Reforestation with suitable species and land use restriction (salt-tolerant species...)","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","Arachidier basin","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Agricultural water management (vegetable plots, anti salt dam)","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","North zone","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Micro irrigation","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","North zone","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Recovery of runoff water","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","Coastal areas","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal erosion","Protecting coastal development","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"inaccurate masure","Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","South zone","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","Coastal erosion","Mangrove Restoration","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","Niayes zone","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Threats to the advancing sand dunes, remobilization of old dunes","Dune fixation","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","Niayes zone","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Rational use of water","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Senegal (2006)","NAPA","Senegal","Niayes zone","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Charging the phreatic layer","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Use of adapted crop varieties (short cycle) and change of food habits ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime, Central and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Exploitation of shallow lands","Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime and Plateaux regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Gravel and sand extraction as alternative income activity","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible explotation damage",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime and Plateaux regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Selling charcoal and firewood as alternative income activity","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible explotation damage",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime, Plateaux, Central and de la Kara regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Promotion of agroforestry (Association of agricultural crops with forest species)","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Displacement of populations to unaffected areas","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Intensification of small livestock","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation","Emigration topographically higher areas","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Emigration from rural zones (rural exode) moving towards more humid regions","Migration","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime, Central, Kara and Savanes region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Increase of human diseases","Traditional medicine using plants","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Crop rotation","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Development of family pisciculture and use of unsuitable fishing methods","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible fishery impact",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Reforestation. Seedlings and cuttings production","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux and de la Kara regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Use of wells for market gardening","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux, Central, de la Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Drainage of runoff waters","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Plateaux, Central, de la Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Deepening of wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Kara region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Soil degradation","Use of organic manure","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Kara and Savanes regions","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Soil erosion","Installation of windbreaks, or antierosif dispositives","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Loss of agricultural productivity","Redevelopment of agricultural calendars","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Savanes region","Drought","Drought","Lack of food for livestock","Stockpiling of agricultural products for livestock feed","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Central, Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Construction of small dykes and ditches","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Central, Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Saving water, mulching and watering","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maritime, Central and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Creation of community fish ponds","Livelihood type, Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maririme region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal degradation","Beach reforestation and coconut trees rehabilitation","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maririme region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal degradation","Rehabilitation of mangroves","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maririme region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal degradation","Cleaning of coastal river mouths","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Maririme region","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Coastal degradation","Opening of new sand and gravel quarries outside the coast","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Togo (2009)","NAPA","Togo","Kara and Savanes regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water ","Establishment of a drinking water supply by photovoltaic pumping","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of water for agriculture","Charcoal making as alternative income activity","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Shifting agricultural production from highlands to lower lands","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Floods, extreme heat","Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","Loss of agricultural productivity","Shifting agricultural production, livestock and houses to higher lands ","Livelihood location, Crop practices, Livestock practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Lack of food resources","Gathering and selling wild food ","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Earlier crop planting","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Growing more drought resistant crops (e.g. cassava)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Incorporation of crop residues instead of burning","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Crop rotations, intercropping, and cover cropping","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Irrigation (practiced by very few)","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Sinking wells","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Increase of human diseases","Using medicinal plants to treat diseases","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Floods, extreme heat","Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","Increase of human diseases","Bury ditches to prevent waterborne diseases ","Disease/pest mgmt, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Floods","Flooding","Inundation","Improve drainage around houses ","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","National","Shorter rainy season","Changes in timing of season","Lack of water for livestock","Taking animals out early in the morning","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"\"coping strategies\"","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought (seasonal and periodic), shortened growing season, and delayed on-set of the rains.","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Adaptation of crops (cereals, legumes, root and tuber crops, and horticultural crops) to climate change/ variability including promotion of early maturing/drought resistance crops  ","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought (seasonal and periodic), shortened growing season, and delayed on-set of the rains.","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Promotion of irrigation and efficient use of water resources  ","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Development of dams and dip tanks ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Introduction of welladapted livestock","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Zambezi river (south region)","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Boosting the Zambezi River Water System to increase delivery ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"inaccurate description but possible impact","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable rivers and water bodies ","Drought","Drought","Lack of fish for food","Fish breeding to restock the lakes, rivers and dams ","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery if well restocked",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable water bodies","Drought and high temperatures ","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Lack of fish for food","Promotion of aquaculture ","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable rivers and water bodies","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Lack of fish for food","Using species suitable for aquaculture in vulnerable areas ","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Floods","Flooding","Increase of human diseases","Use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and other vector-control measures to prevent malaria. Use of climate-based early warning systems and GISmapping of vulnerable localities","Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible insectide pollution",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Floods","Flooding","Increase of human diseases","Water treatment for quality control (to prevent waterborne diseases) and climate –proofing of sanitation.","Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible chemical pollution",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Energy insecurity","Use of renewable energies","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Energy insecurity","Efficient use of charcoal and expanded use of ethanol stoves  ","Natural resource use, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought and high temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Lack of water","Inter-Basin Water Transfers  ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible flow modifications",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Energy insecurity","Regional Integration of Electricity Infrastructure from Biomass Sources","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible depending on the biomass used",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought (seasonal and periodic), shortened growing season, and delayed on-set of the rains. and floods","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Lack of water for wildlife","Construction of watering points e.g. boreholes for watering wildlife ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - wildlife support",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought (seasonal and periodic), shortened growing season, and delayed on-set of the rains. and floods","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Breeding programme for selected species in National Park","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - wildlife support",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Translocation of animals","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought (seasonal and periodic), shortened growing season, and delayed on-set of the rains. and floods","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Community based ranching in order to protect vulnerable species","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - wildlife support",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for wildlife","Culling to maintain sustainable animal populations ","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","South regions","Drought","Drought","Lack of water","Developing small dams, and other storage facilities, to mitigate droughts/flooding, to harvest water and to initiate community-based fish farming and breeding ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev, Livelihood type","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable rivers and water bodies ","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Ecosystem damages","Targeting afforestation and re-afforestation programmes to control siltation of streams and rivers as well as to provide fuel wood to minimize encroachment of the forests","Natural resource use, Land conversion, Natural habitat encroachment","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Y - ecosystem recovery",null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable rivers and water bodies ","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Energy insecurity","Promotion of community woodlots for the provision of fuel wood and as sources of alternative cash income ","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable water bodies","Drought and high temperatures ","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Energy insecurity","Improving energy access and security, especially in rural areas (e.g., through the Rural Electrification Agency, promotion of energy-efficient stoves)","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","All regions with viable rivers and water bodies ","Drought and floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss and migration of wildlife and plant species","Developing and implementing strategies for drought preparedness, flood zoning and mitigation works","Other","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"inaccurate description but possible impact","Ana"]
["NAPA - Zambia (2007)","NAPA","Zambia","Especially Estern, Central, Western and Southern provinces","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for wildlife","Restocking of depleted game areas ","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Murray et al 2012 (chapter 9) in IPCC (2012)","IPCC Special report","Mozambique",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Loss of life, property","After the 2000 floods, Mozambique implemented intensive programs to move people to safe areas. Since the 2000 floods, a large resettlement program for communities affected by the floods and tropical cyclones was initiated, with about 59,000 families resettled","Migration","Happened","2000 to 2007","National","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Samburu County","Drought","Drought","Loss of livestock","Change of livestock type from cattle to goats (common) and/or camels (uncommon)","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Samburu County","Drought","Drought","Loss of livestock","Cut and carry of pastures introduced (cutting of dry grass in the hilly areas (or close to the forest), especially in the period following rains)","Natural resource use","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","Not specified","Possible disturbance of previously untouched grassland areas",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Samburu County","Drought","Drought","Loss of livestock","Fencing patches with grass for use during dry period introduced","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","Not specified","Promotion of heteregeneous habitats",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Samburu County","Drought","Drought","Loss of livestock","Growing of fodder/improved pastures (Napier grass) introduced (uncommon)","Livestock practices, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Samburu County","Drought","Drought","Loss of crops","Introduced varieties of cereal crop (drought tolerant millet and sorghum; fast-maturing maize)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","crop diversification (unspecified)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","crop substitution (unspecified)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Agro-forestry (details unspecified)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Improved irrigation (unspecified)","Water mgmt","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Increased fertiliser application","Crop practices","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","Possible leaching and nutrification of surrounding habitats",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Bushfire regulation","Other","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","Possible impacts on species dependent on a specific regime",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Journal","Côte d’Ivoire","Comoe River Basin","Changing rainfall regimes (late onset, drought","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Changing of sowing/harvesting dates","Crop practices","Ongoing","2014 onwards","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Temperature increases","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of crops","Changing crop varieties (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Temperature increases","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of crops","crop diversification (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Temperature increases","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of crops","Diversifying to include livestock farming","Livelihood type","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","Possible risks associated with livestock farming",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Temperature increases","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of crops","Cover cropping","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified",null,"Possible - depends on techniques",null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Shift in rainfall timing","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops","crop diversification (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Shift in rainfall timing","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops","Increased fertiliser application","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","Possible leaching and nutrification of surrounding habitats",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Shift in rainfall timing","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops","Pesticide application","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","Possible impacts to non-target organizms",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Shift in rainfall timing","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops","Farming near rivers or hills","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified","Possible encroachment of agricultural lands into wild areas",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","Vea catchment in Upper East Region of northern Ghana","Shift in rainfall timing","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops","Cover cropping","Crop practices","Happened","2003 to 2013","Local","Not specified",null,"Possible - depends on techniques",null,"Jamie"]
["Balama et al 2016","Journal","Tanzania","Kilombero District, Morogoro Region (villages close to Iyondo Forest Reserve: Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani)","Dry spells in wet season","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","crop diversification (inc: sesame, cassava, sweet potatoes and cocoa)","Crop practices","Happened","1990 to 2010","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Balama et al 2016","Journal","Tanzania","Kilombero District, Morogoro Region (villages close to Iyondo Forest Reserve: Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani)","Dry spells in wet season","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Changing of sowing/harvesting dates","Crop practices","Happened","1990 to 2010","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Balama et al 2016","Journal","Tanzania","Kilombero District, Morogoro Region (villages close to Iyondo Forest Reserve: Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani)","Dry spells in wet season","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops","Use of government-constructed irrigation canal","Infrastructure dev","Happened","1990 to 2010","Local","Not specified","Possible disturbance from infrastructure development","Possible provison of aquatic habitat",null,"Jamie"]
["Balama et al 2016","Journal","Tanzania","Kilombero District, Morogoro Region (villages close to Iyondo Forest Reserve: Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani)","Flooding","Flooding","Loss of crops","livelihood diversification (Increased reliance on casual labour)","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Happened","1990 to 2010","Local","Not specified",null,null,null,"Jamie"]
["Balama et al 2016","Journal","Tanzania","Kilombero District, Morogoro Region (villages close to Iyondo Forest Reserve: Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani)","Flooding","Flooding","Loss of crops","Use of non-timber forest products (mushrooms, building poles, firewood, medicinal plants and edible fruits (including illegal collection from Iyondo Forest Reserve)","Natural resource use","Happened","1990 to 2010","Local","Unregulated exploitation of protected resources",null,null,null,"Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Cover cropping (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Crop changing/diversification","Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Growing different (more resilient) crop varieties ","Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Changing of planting times","Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Across-slope cultivation","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Possible encroachment of agricultural lands into wild areas",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Changes in rainfall regimes","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Use of organic manure","Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Possible leaching and nutrification of surrounding habitats",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Water harvesting for irrigation","Water mgmt","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Possible provision of aquatic habitat (depends on techniquest used)","Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Cropping moist valley bottoms","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Possible encroachment of agricultural lands into wild areas",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Land use extensification","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Possible encroachment of agricultural lands into wild areas",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Journal","South Africa","Umzinyathi District, KwaZulu-Natal province","Mixed (drought, floods, late rains, shorter rainy season) ","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Out migration","Migration","Happened + expected to happen","Unspecified - estimated 2013 onward","Regional","Not specified","Possible urbanisation and disturbance of wild areas",null,"Other adaptation methods suggested - only those deemed most likely are recorded","Jamie"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Loss of livelihood from agriculture","Migration to urban areas for empolyment","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Erratic rainfall ","Changes in timing of season","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Shifts in planting period to coincide with the start of rainy season","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Planting drought resistant crop e.g. water melon","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Rainwater harvesting","Crop practices, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Use of dug out wells for irrigation","Crop practices, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Increase water capture e.g. borehole water, rain water harvest etc","Crop practices, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Cropping around streams","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Extreme temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of crops","Plant trees on farm to shade crop","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Regional","Extreme temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days","Heat stroke","Plant trees around house to provide sha","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Journal","Ghana","Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, West Ghana","increased in temperature,drought","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Crop rotation and mixed cropping","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Journal","Ghana","Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, West Ghana","Mixed (drought, shorter rainy season) \n","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Drought-tolerant and early maturing varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Journal","Ghana","Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, West Ghana","Mixed (drought, shorter rainy season) ","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","Reduce farm size and composting/mulching","Livelihood location, Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified\n","Unknown\n","soil formation and fertility",null,"Azhar"]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Journal","Ghana","Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, West Ghana","Mixed (drought, shorter rainy season) \n","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought","Loss of food security","Dry season gardening","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Journal","Ghana","Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, West Ghana","Floods","Flooding","Degradatation of soil","Afforestation","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Drought","Drought","Loss of crops/reduced yield\n","indigenous drought-tolerant seeds ","Crop practices","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Low rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Reduced agricultural productivity","early planting of\ncrops to beneﬁt from the\nmoisture from early rains\n\n","Crop practices","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Drought","Drought","Loss of livelihoods","Labor-intensive public\nworks initiatives\n","Livelihood type","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Mixed (Delayed rainy season,\nExtreme cold,\nFlooding)",null,"Loss of crops/reduced yield","Crop changing/diversification","Crop practices","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Mixed (Delayed rainy season,\nExtreme cold,\nFlooding)",null,"Loss of crops/reduced yield","Adopt Local proaches to weather prediction in decisions\nfarming activities\n","Crop practices","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Kolawole et al 2016","Journal","Botswana","Okavango delta \n","Fires","Wildfires","Loss of crops/reduced yield","government compensation for crops\ndamaged\n","Other","Suggested","Unspecified","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Uganda","National","Mixed ( heavy rainfall, increase temperature)","Heat waves/Hotter days, Increased rainfall","Inundation of human habited zone","Migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Senegal","National","Mixed ( heavy rainfall, increase temperature)","Heat waves/Hotter days, Increased rainfall","Inundation of human habited zone","Migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Kenya","Regional","Mixed ( heavy rainfall, increase temperature)","Heat waves/Hotter days, Increased rainfall","Inundation of human habited zone","Migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Burkina Faso","Regional","Mixed ( heavy rainfall, increase temperature)","Heat waves/Hotter days, Increased rainfall","Inundation of human habited zone","Migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified\n","Unknown\n",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Intensification of irrigation (especially the intensification of hand dugout wells irrigation system, during both the rainy and dry seasons)","Water mgmt","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Livelihood diversification: Integration of livestock rearing into crops production","Livelihood type","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","changes in planting times (early or late)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield"," utilisation of non-traditional crop varieties (white cowpea, early maturing white maize) ","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","intensive practice of mixed cropping","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","use of bullocks and tractors to till the land instead of human labour","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Application of fertiliser and other inputs on farms","Crop practices","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Shift from agriculture to non-farm jobs (e.g. trading, establishment of cottage industries (examples being groundnuts, shea butter and rice processing), carpentry, masonry, mechanics).","Livelihood type","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Journal","Ghana","six villages (Nyangua, Pungu-Bavugnia, Wungu, Gbeduri, Nyoglo and Kanshegu) located in three districts (Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi and Kassena Nankana East) in the northern savannah zone of Ghana","Mixed (unspecified)","Other (please specify)","Loss of crops/reduced yield","Seasonal emigration (typically to urban areas) to seek employment","Livelihood location","Ongoing","2012 onwards","Regional","not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Shi et al 2016","Journal","Nigeria, Indonesia","Cities of Lagos and Yakarta","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Destruction and damage of infraestructures","new sections of cities designed to address multiple climate threats ","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Periphery technique","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"reference: Abdulai et al. (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","sieving technology","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"reference: Abdulai et al. (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","watering can with shower outlet for transporting water","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"reference: Abdulai et al. (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","close watering techniques when applying irrigation water","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"reference: Abdulai et al. (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"reference: Abebe et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Guinea","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved varieties of rice (Oryza Sativa L. X Oryza Glaberrima Steud.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Adesina and Baidu-Forson (1995)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Adesina and Baidu-Forson (1995)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Nigeria","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Introduction of alley farming","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Adesina and Chianu (2002)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Nigeria","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","modification of the pruning frequency and fallow periods ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Adesina and Chianu (2002)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Cameroon","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adoption of alley farming and its variants","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Adesina et al. (2000)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Zambia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Minimum soil disturbance and crop rotation","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Arslan et al. (2014)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Use of chemical fertiliser input and fertiliser","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Asfaw and Admassie (2004)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Niger","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved soil and water management technology ","Water mgmt, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Baidu-Forson (1999)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","change variety; change type; change planting dates; destocking; change feeds; change fertiliser; soil and water conservation","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Bryan et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","plant trees","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Bryan et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Excreta use in agriculture ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Cofie et al. (2010)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Fertiliser demand","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Croppenstedt et al. (2003)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved varieties; and high biomass varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"De Groote et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Soil conservation","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Deressa et al. (2009) and Gebrehiwot and van der Veen (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","irrigation","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Deressa et al. (2009) and Gebrehiwot and van der Veen (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","changing planting date","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Deressa et al. (2009) and Gebrehiwot and van der Veen (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","planting trees","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Deressa et al. (2009) and Gebrehiwot and van der Veen (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","crop varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Deressa et al. (2009) and Gebrehiwot and van der Veen (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Malawi","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adoption of modern maize seed (Zea mays L.)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Fisher and Kandiwa (2014)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","South Africa","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","irrigation  ","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Gbetibouo (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","South Africa","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","changed planting dates","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Gbetibouo (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","South Africa","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","changed amount of land","Livelihood location","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Gbetibouo (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","South Africa","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","livestock feed supplements; other ","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Gbetibouo (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Malawi","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Take-up of loan for hybrid seeds","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Giné and Yang (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","11 African countries","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Multiple crops under irrigation","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Hassan and Nhemachena (2008)","Ana","Ana - Could you please indicate which countries these are. It will mean copying these rows 11 times, but should be quite quick. "]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","11 African countries","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","mono crop-livestock under irrigation ","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Hassan and Nhemachena (2008)","Ana","Ana - Could you please indicate which countries these are. It will mean copying these rows 11 times, but should be quite quick. "]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","11 African countries","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","multiple croplivestock under irrigation","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Hassan and Nhemachena (2008)","Ana","Ana - Could you please indicate which countries these are. It will mean copying these rows 11 times, but should be quite quick. "]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Conservation tillage","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","legume intercrop","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","animal manure","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","chemical fertiliser","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","improved seeds","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Tanzania","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","legume crop rotation ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kassie et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Uganda","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved variety of rice (Oryza Sativa L. X Oryza Glaberrima Steud.)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Kijima (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Malawi","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved hybrid varieties and open pollinated varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Lunduka et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Stover lines (use of crop residues)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Marenya and Barrett (2007)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","inorganic fertilisers","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Marenya and Barrett (2007)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","manure","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Marenya and Barrett (2007)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","agroforestry","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Marenya and Barrett (2007)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Water control practice","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Oben Tabi et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","use herbicide and fertiliser","Crop practices, Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Oben Tabi et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","choice of variety","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Oben Tabi et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ghana","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","varying planting date","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Oben Tabi et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Nigeria","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Recommended erosion control practices ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Okoye (1998)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Nigeria","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved seed varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Oyekale and Idjesa (2009)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Use of conservation practices ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Shiferaw and Holden (1998)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adoption of zaï technique and stone strips ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Sidibé (2005)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adaptation; destocking; change feeds; change breed; move animals","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Silvestri et al. (2012)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adoption of compost","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Somda et al. (2002)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Malawi","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Uptake of new technologies","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Thangata and Alavalapati (2003)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Senegal","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Adoption of intense agriculture ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Thuo et al. (2011)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved varieties and inorganic fertiliser","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Wubeneh and Sanders (2006)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Benin","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Crops diversification; farming calendar adjustments; land use strategies and other strategies","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Yegbemey et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Journal","Kenya","National","Mixed","Other (please specify)","Reduced agriculture productivity","Improved animal husbandry practice; and improved animal breeding strategies","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Zander et al. (2013)","Ana"]
["Ochieng et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Tana River area, Coastal Region","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for agriculture","Irrigation. Flagship project, Galana Kalalu irrigation scheme","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","January, 2014","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Vedeld et al 2016","Journal","Senegal","Saint-Louis","Storms","Storms","floods","Storm water infrastructure: Dykes, drainage, opened new outlet for Senegal River","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Hobday et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Ocean. South Africa","Increase in upwellingfavorable winds significant decrease in dissolved oxygen at specific areas on the West Coast increased intensity of the Agulhas current","Other (please specify)","Declining catches of some species in traditional fishing areas, resulting in lower incomes. Movement of fishing operations. (Because of: Distribution changes\nin fish (e.g. sardine\nand anchovy) and\nrock lobsters.\nDeclining\nabundances of\nseveral species\ntargeted by the line\nfishery sector)","Management procedure to determine allowable catch for small pelagic fish based on abundance and recruitment","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Moloney et al. (2013) De Oliveira and Butterworth (2004)","Ana"]
["Hobday et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","Ocean. South Africa","Increase in upwellingfavorable winds significant decrease in dissolved oxygen at specific areas on the West Coast increased intensity of the Agulhas current","Other (please specify)","Declining catches of some species in traditional fishing areas, resulting in lower incomes. Movement of fishing operations. (Because of: Distribution changes\nin fish (e.g. sardine\nand anchovy) and\nrock lobsters.\nDeclining\nabundances of\nseveral species\ntargeted by the line\nfishery sector)","Reduction in fishing rights and access limits in some areas","Fishing/aquaculture practices, Livelihood location","Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Moloney et al. (2013) De Oliveira and Butterworth (2004)","Ana"]
["Mugi-Ngenga et al 2016","Journal","Kenya","Tharaka and Kitui-Central sub-Counties in Tharaka-Nithi and Kitui Counties of Eastern Kenya","Climate variability, drought","Drought","Reduced crop productivity","Adjusting planting dates, crop varieties, crop spacing, and crop types, increasing the use of manure, water harvesting, digging boreholes, agroforestry, crop rotation and post-harvest management ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected","Agroforestry could provide habitat for species such as birds, insects, and other pollinators  ",null,"Abby"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","late rainfall onset","Changes in timing of season","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Planting of quick maturing crop varieties (Katumani or 511 maize breed and vegetables)","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","late rainfall onset","Changes in timing of season","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Digging of trenches (microbasins) to conserve/harvest rain water","Water mgmt","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Increased rainfall as season progresses","Changes in timing of seasons, Increased rainfall","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Planting of trees (unspecified)","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Possible provision of habitat/natural space",null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Erratic or poor rains","Changes in timing of seasons, Decreased rainfall","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Planting of short maturing or drought tolerant crop varieties e.g., millet, sorghum, cassava, and chick pea","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Erratic or poor rains","Changes in timing of seasons, Decreased rainfall","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Change to other types of enterprises such chicken, pigeon, or rabbit rearing","Livelihood type","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Erratic or poor rains","Changes in timing of seasons, Decreased rainfall","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Use of supplementary irrigation (unspecified)","Water mgmt","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Rainfall failure","Changes in timing of seasons, Decreased rainfall","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Planting and use of mulching to limit evaporation","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya + Vihiga, western Kenya","Dry spells","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Uprooting of crops (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya","Dry spells","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Application of pesticides (unspecified)","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","Possible impacts on nont-target organisms",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Early or normal rainfall onset","Changes in timing of season","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Planting of late/long-maturing crop varieties and livestock feeds (Napier grass)","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Early or normal rainfall onset","Changes in timing of season","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Mixed cropping of early and late maturing","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Rainfall failure","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Shifting to other businesses or look for casual (temporary) jobs.","Livelihood type","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Dry spells","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Continuous weeding (unspecified)","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Increase in heavy rains","Increased rainfall","Flooding + erosion of agricultural land","Digging of trenches around farms to take water away","Water mgmt","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Increase in heavy rains","Increased rainfall","Flooding + erosion of agricultural land","Planting of water resilient crops such as arrow roots and Kikuyu/Napier grass","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga, western Kenya","Drought","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Migration to towns to look for employment","Livelihood location","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya + Vihiga, western Kenya","Drought","Drought","Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Move to other areas (unspecified)","Migration","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Muita et al (2016)","Journal","Kenya","western Laikipia, central Kenya + Vihiga, western Kenya","Increased rainfall as season progresses",null,"Lack of (reliability of) water for agriculture","Use of treated seed fertilizer and manure","Crop practices","Happened + ongoing","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["Dumenu and Obeng (2016)","Journal","Ghana","4 ecological zones (semi-deciduous forest, transitional, guinea savanna, sudan savanna) ","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Lack of water for agriculture","Irrigation (dams and dug out wells)",null,"Ongoing","Not specified","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["Dumenu and Obeng (2016)","Journal","Ghana","4 ecological zones (semi-deciduous forest, transitional, guinea savanna, sudan savanna) ","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Shift in cropping season","Crops diversification",null,"Ongoing","Not specified","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Dumenu and Obeng (2016)","Journal","Ghana","4 ecological zones (semi-deciduous forest, transitional, guinea savanna, sudan savanna) ","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Reduction in crop yield","Increase fertilizer and manure application",null,"Ongoing","Not specified","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on e.g. fertilizer used and application",null,null,"Jo"]
["Dumenu and Obeng (2016)","Journal","Ghana","4 ecological zones (semi-deciduous forest, transitional, guinea savanna, sudan savanna) ","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable water availability","Increased farm sizes",null,"Ongoing","Not specified","National","Not specified","Possible - depends on details",null,null,"Jo"]
["Dumenu and Obeng (2016)","Journal","Ghana","4 ecological zones (semi-deciduous forest, transitional, guinea savanna, sudan savanna) ","Hydrological changes","Changes in timing of season","Unreliable crop production","Rural–urban migration",null,"Ongoing","Not specified","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Admasu and Debessa 2015","Journal","Ethiopia","National","Mixed",null,"Energy insecurity:  being landlocked and without substantial fossil fuel reserves","develop geothermal, hydroelectric, wind, and solar energy resources",null,"Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Betzold (2015)","Journal","57 SIDS","International","Mixed (sea level rise, changing precipitation patterns, extreme weather eents, ocean acidificationm coral bleaching)",null,"Diseases spread, lack of fish, threat to infrastructure and agriculture","Migration from SIDS",null,"Expected to happen","Not specified","International","Not specified","Could produce strain on other land's resources",null,null,"Jo"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Kenya","Regional","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Internal migration",null,"Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Kenya","Regional","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to neighbouring countries",null,"Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Kenya","Regional","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to urban areas for employment",null,"Happened","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Uganda","National","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Internal migration",null,"Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Uganda","National","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to neighbouring countries",null,"Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Uganda","National","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to urban areas for employment",null,"Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Burkina Faso","Regional","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to urban areas for employment",null,"Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Journal","Senegal","National","Mixed (temperature anomaly, rainfall anomaly)",null,"Loss of livelihood","Migration to urban areas for employment",null,"Happened","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed ( Rising temperatures, Heat Waves, Heat Stress, Heat Island Effect)","Sea level rise, Flooding","Impact on human security and health","Design and implement “Heat-Health” action plans, including plans in respect of emergency medical services.",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed (flooding, sea level rise, heavy rainfall)","Sea level rise, Flooding","Impact on human security and health","sea-level rise risk assessment and economic modeling,",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed (flooding, sea level rise, heavy rainfall)","Sea level rise, Flooding","Impact on human security and health","Coastal Protection Zone",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed (flooding, sea level rise, heavy rainfall)","Sea level rise, Flooding","Impact on human security and health","stormwater management responses to more intense rainfall, sea-level rise and storm surges.",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed (flooding, sea level rise, heavy rainfall)","Sea level rise, Flooding","Impact on human security and health","Climate Change Response Monitoring and Evaluation System.",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Drought","Drought","Impact on human security and health","Adopt an integrated water management approach",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Paz et al 2016","Journal","South Africa","City, Cape Town","Mixed (Rising temperatures, Heat Waves, Heat Stress, Heat Island Effect)","Heat waves/Hotter days","Impact on human security and health","Reduce ambient ozone and sulphur dioxide concentrations by legislative and other measures",null,"Recommended","Not specified","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Cobbinah and Anane  2015","Journal","Ghana","Regional","Mixed ( increasing temperature\nand low rainfall)","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Low output of food crops.","Switched from food crops to cahew (changing weather patterns is more suitable for cashew production compared to the cultivation of food crops)",null,"Happened","Not specified","Jaman North District of the Brong-Ahafo Region","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Cobbinah and Anane  2015","Journal","Ghana","Regional","Drought","Drought","Decrease in agriculture yield","drought-tolerant food crop",null,"Happened","Not specified","Jaman North District of the Brong-Ahafo Region","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Cobbinah and Anane  2015","Journal","Ghana","Regional","Drought","Drought","Loss of production","Indigenous adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts of changing weather patterns ( increasing farm size for food crop production, cultivating cash crop (cashew) and engaging in non-farm based activities)",null,"Happened","Not specified","Jaman North District of the Brong-Ahafo Region","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Cobbinah and Anane  2015","Journal","Ghana","Regional","Drought","Drought","Loss of livelihood","Migratation to other areas for employment",null,"Happened","Not specified","Jaman North District of the Brong-Ahafo Region","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Azhar"]
["Bendito and Twomlow (2014)","Journal","Rwanda","National","Mixed (floods, droughts, high temperatures, extreme weather)","Flooding, Drought, Increased temperature","Damage to crops post-harvest","Improving post-harvest infrastructure and storage by treating wood, improving building design, establishing wind barriers, changing building materials",null,"Recommended","Not specified","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Berhau & Beyene (2015)","Journal","Ethiopia","Borana, southern Ethipia","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for pastoral acitivites","Adjustment of pastoral practices - Increased mobility (distance & frequency)",null,"Happened","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Berhau & Beyene (2015)","Journal","Ethiopia","Borana, southern Ethipia","Drought","Drought","Lack of water for pastoral acitivites","Adjustment of pastoral practices - Increased adoption of drought-tolerant livestock species - camel and goats",null,"Happened","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Gebauer and Doevenspeck 2015","Journal","Rwanda","Gishwati area (villages of Kamakinga, Misingo, Ingamba, Arusha)","soil erosion and landslides due to deforestation and extreme weather events linked to climate change","Erosion/landslides","Loss of life and property","[government instigated] Resettlement of entire villages to Kanembwe",null,"Happended","2007 - 2011",null,"Not specified","Unknown",null,"Note: this paper discusses whether this response was truly an adaptive measure, or whether some other government motivation was at play","Jamie"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Affects agricultural sector","adapt agricultural practices (planted new crops or hybrid varieties, constructed terraces) ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Affects agricultural sector","started new businesess","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Lack of water ","harvested rain water in barrels and tanks","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Affects agricultural sector, thus economy","Bush-meat hunting or hunting wild game, for subsistence, local trade and served at restaurants, banned in Kenya since 1977 for biodiversity loss and potential tourism loss. Dik-dik antelopes are currently the primary hunting targets in the studied area, while bigger antelopes are more profitable but also more difficult to catch. / Snare hunting was argued by informants to contribue to a high prevalence of by-catch (i.e. monkeys, goats, etc.)","Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","biodiversity loss, dik-dik antelopes and other antelopes main targets/  high prevalence of by-catch (i.e. monkeys, goats, etc.)","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Affects agricultural sector, thus economy","home brewing of Kaluvu, tradicional alcoholic beverage from the fruit from Mwatini tree (Kigelia africana), with honey or sugar. Prohibited because the government does not receive any revenues from the sale. ","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts",null,"Affects agricultural sector, thus economy","Charcoal production, regulated by law due to concerns about deforestation, also performed illegaly. May lead to the depletion of certain tree species such as Acacia spp.","Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","deforestation. May lead to the depletion of certain tree species such as Acacia spp.","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Journal","Kenya","Kitui County","frequent droughts","Drought","Affects agricultural sector, thus economy","using forest resources such as pasture, timber, fruits , plants and gems, from own forestedland, near river beds, forested plains as well as hilltops. Several hilltop forests in the area are however gazetted as protected areas legally owned by the government, making it illegal to access and/or use.","Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local","illegal use of protected forests","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["Balehegn et al 2015","Journal","Ethiopia","Ahferom District, central Tigray, northern Ethiopia, located at 14°7′00″ to 14°38′30″ N and 38°56′0″ E","repeated drought (coupled with overgrazing)","Drought","Severe shortage of feed for livestock","Use of Ficus thonningii as an animal feed, including increased conservation and planting",null,"Ongoing","Began between 1985 and 1991","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets","Local Government response: de-clogging of collector and secondary drains","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets","Local Government response: demolition of illegal structures blocking drainage","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets","Federal/state Government response: de-clogging of waterways and canals (e.g. Okere Creek)","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets","Federal/state Government response: removal of illegal structures on/near drainage","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet open spaces and swamplands","Local Government response: de-clogging of collector drains","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet open spaces and swamplands","Local Government response: solid waste collection (unspecified)","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet open spaces and swamplands","Federal/state Government response: de-silting of drains/canals","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet open spaces and swamplands","Federal/state Government response: swamp bogey (bulldozer) waste removal","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet open spaces and swamplands","Federal/state Government response: sand filling (e.g. Esisi-Okere Road, Bishop Court/Sam Warri)","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets and in open spaces","Individual's response: Cleaning of collector drains on sanitation day","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Individual","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets and in open spaces","Individual's response: relocation to friends/relatives outside flood zone (e.g. poor)","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Individual","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools on streets and in open spaces","Home Owner response: build property flood defence walls","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Individual","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet spaces and swamps","Individual Response: Temporary relocation of all to friends and families outside flood zones","Livelihood location","Happened","1980s- present","Individual","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools in offstreet spaces and swamps","Home Owner response: Home owners unclogging storm drains for free flow of floodwater","Water mgmt","Happened","1980s- present","Individual","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools","Well-integrated drainage conveying collector drains’ floodwater to natural drainage sinks/ oversized detention basins","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Suggested","Not specified","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","City of Warri","Flooding","Flooding","Floodwater collection from stagnant pools","removal of all illegal structures and buildings on natural drainage channels","Water mgmt, Land conversion","Suggested","Not specified","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Washing away of bridge linking Ajibode community on Road 5","Reconstruction of 2-span bridge","Infrastructure dev","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Flooding of sections of Benue and Barth Roads","Channelization of streams on campus","Water mgmt","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Washing away of drainage system","Expansion of internal drainage system","Water mgmt","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Partial collapse of building at 8 Kurumi Road due to fallen trees","Reconstruction of collapsed building","Infrastructure dev","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Collapsed walkway over canal","Reconstruction of walkway with reinforced concrete and expansion of bridge on Appleton Road","Infrastructure dev","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Collapsed Fences","Reconstruction of fences with reinforced concrete foundation","Infrastructure dev","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Journal","Nigeria","University of Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Siltation of drains","Expansion of drains to accommodate heavy storm water","Infrastructure dev, Water mgmt","Happened",2011,"Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Fujisawa et al (2015)","Journal","South Africa","Elgin","Mixed (Warm winter, heat waves in summer)","Heat waves/Hotter days","Sunburn in apples","Breeding for new cultivars with lower chill requirement has been undertaken, and some of them might be widely accepted by the farmers","Crop practices","Happened","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Fujisawa et al (2015)","Journal","South Africa","Elgin","Mixed (Warm winter, heat waves in summer)","Heat waves/Hotter days","Sunburn in apples","Many farmers plant other fruits such as pears, where the chill unit requirement is generally less than that of apples. However, apples generate higher income than other fruits and farmers do not plan to decrease the area of apples at present","Crop practices","Happened","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Uganda","Kampala","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","tree planting on hill slopes","Land conversion, Other","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Uganda","Kampala","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","greening drainage channels","Infrastructure dev","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Uganda","Kampala","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","increasing crop canopy to reduce potential runoff from rainfall at plot level to catchment-wide scales as part of ecosystem services enhancement","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Tanzania","Dar es Salaam","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","tree planting on hill slopes","Land conversion, Other","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Tanzania","Dar es Salaam","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","greening drainage channels","Infrastructure dev","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Tanzania","Dar es Salaam","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","increasing crop canopy to reduce potential runoff from rainfall at plot level to catchment-wide scales as part of ecosystem services enhancement","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Nigeria","Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","tree planting on hill slopes","Land conversion, Other","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Nigeria","Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","greening drainage channels","Infrastructure dev","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Journal","Nigeria","Ibadan","Flooding","Flooding","Urban Damage","increasing crop canopy to reduce potential runoff from rainfall at plot level to catchment-wide scales as part of ecosystem services enhancement","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened and ongoing","Not specified","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Jo"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Promote rehabilitation of degraded lands and reforestation of anthropogenic savannas","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Strengthening carbon sinks in degraded forests","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Development of basic infrastructure to improve the logistics of transport of agricultural products, livestock and fish farming","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","less resources pressure by agriculture upturn","Decoupling agricultural production from deforestation / degradation through the intensification of sustainable agricultural practices on the environment and agroforestry (in particular through the securing of land)","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Promote the use of improved, high-yield seeds that are resistant to adverse environmental factors","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Develop high-yield, short-cycle species for rapid rotations","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","livestock and agriculture combination","Promote the integration of agriculture and livestock, agroforestry and conservation agriculture, particularly at the level of community and private plantations;","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Restore organic soils and promote research on natural resource management (including soil science and pathology physiology and post-harvest technology)","Crop practices, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Adapting crop calendars and production techniques","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","reduce emissions","Limit methane emissions from rice cultivation by minimizing submersion.","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","reduce emissions","Reduce the unsustainable consumption of fuelwood, for example through the sustainable management of wood energy; Improved households, and the promotion of methanation and / or butanisation in rural areas;","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","reduce waste and ensure energy","To develop energy production based on agricultural waste, in particular by valorisation of cocoa pods, cashew apples, sugarcane bagasses, molasses, manioc effluents, rice straw for the production of briquettes; Etc.","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Develop the production of food supplements for animals and fish and other products (silage, etc.)","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Develop the use of improved manure by composting.","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure energy","Interconnect the three energy networks (North, South and East) in Cameroon to optimize transport and distribution and reduce losses","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Camerun","INDC","Camerun","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Recover / use agricultural and forestry waste; Composting","Crop practices, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","An aerial seeding of degraded lands (10 000 ha / year) to promote regeneration of the natural environment","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Restoration of natural pastures (protection and management of rangelands in the context of territorial climate plans)","Crop practices, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure water","The realization of 300 drill holes (of which 150 at depths greater than 200 m) for the exploration of aquifers, which can be converted into boreholes and / or piezometers","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure water","The implementation of desalination projects for coastal and other areas","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure water","The implementation of the drinking water supply project (AEP) in 4 wilayas of North zone of the country","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure water","The realization of 2000 small isolated networks of drinking water supply (AEP) in the rural environment equipped with solar","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","avoid coastal erosion","The protection of the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou against the risks of marine immersion and silting","Other, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Habitat recovery","Integrated and sustainable wetland rehabilitation and management against the effects of climate change","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Fishery promotion","The promotion of responsible fishing on Lake Foum Gleita","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Fishery promotion","The promotion of fish farming to improve food security and poverty reduction in rural areas.","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Mauritanie (2015)","INDC","Mauritanie","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Fishery promotion","Capacity building for monitoring and management of inland fisheries","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"goals expected to achieve if the country gets external aid","Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","less resources pressure by agriculture upturn","Decoupling agricultural production and deforestation through the promotion of intensive agricultural practices with reduced impacts on the environment and agroforestry","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions and Maintenance of ecosystem services",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Development of basic infrastructure to improve the logistics of transport of agricultural products, livestock and fish farming","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Promotion and intensification of the production and use of high yielding and resistant seeds including climatic factors and diseases (excluding GMOs and hybrids)","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduced pressure on agricultural land",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Rationalization of the use of chemical inputs and facilitation of the use of biological inputs","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of environmental damage due to chemical inputs",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Development of efficient mechanization of agriculture and improvement of packaging, harvesting and conservation infrastructures","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Maintenance of ecosystem services",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","livestock and agriculture combination","Promotion of the agriculture-livestock association, agroforestry, and conservation agriculture, especially at the level of community and private plantations","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Improving biodiversity",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","less methane emissions","Maximum reduction of rice submersion to limit methane emissions","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Improvement of cropping schedules and production techniques","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Stabilization of the extension of agricultural areas in classified forests","Land conversion, Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Preservation of biodiversity",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Restoration of classified forests with the involvement of local communities","Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Increased carbon stocks",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Strengthening the sustainable management of classified forests and protected areas, including through spatial land monitoring","Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Preservation and enhancement of biodiversity and natural habitats // and Maintenance of ecosystem services",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Facilitating the rehabilitation of degraded lands and reforestation in savannah areas and strengthening carbon stocks in degraded forests through the promotion of village reforestation","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Restoring Biodiversity and Natural Habitats // and Increasing Ecosystem Services",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Wood management","Reforestation with fast-growing wood-energy species","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Wood management","Promotion of improved fireplaces","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Wood management","Promotion of charcoal alternatives through the upgrading of agricultural biomass","Natural resource use, Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","INDC","Ivory Coast","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure energy","Investing in energy efficiency and improving renewable energy participation in the electricity mix by 2030","Energy source","Recommended","by 2030","National","Not specified","None suspected","Reduction of GHG emissions, including CO2 / Reduced pressure on natural resources",null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Protection and conservation of natural forests, which would reduce and maintain the rate of deforestation to 35 000 ha / year instead of 60 000 ha / year currently","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","2021-2030","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Objective","Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","The implementation of a reforestation plan with the objective of creating 15,000 ha of forest plantation per year.","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","2021-2030","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Objective","Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Promoting the construction of solar power plants","Construction of solar power plants 40 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Increase hydroelectric production","Construction of hydroelectric dams 259.9 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev, Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Cotonou port","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Increase electricity production from natural gas","Construct a liquefied natural gas storage and regasification unit at the port of Cotonou + gas pipeline pipeline","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Benin navigable plans and rivers / the five (5) Lacustre / Riparian communes of Lake Nokoue","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure energy","Create wood-energy plantations 5000 ha","Energy source, Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","River transport","Develop a fluvio-lagoon transport system on the navigable plans and rivers of Benin / the five (5) Lacustre / Riparian communes of Lake Nokoue","Water mgmt, Other","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Promoting State, communal and private plantations, covering 100 000 ha","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reforestation","Restoring degraded natural forests, 532,961 ha","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Rationalize the exploitation of forest resources, covering an area of at least 1,330,000 ha","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Large agricultural areas","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Agriculture upturn","Promote specific fertilizers and other biological organic inputs for sustainable soil fertility management.","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Implementation of the measures on this 500 000 ha of land will contribute to the overall reduction of annual emissions from rice fields, agricultural soils, burning of agricultural residues and prescribed burning of savannas by 30%.","Integrated program for adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector in 4 vulnerable agro-ecological zones (2011-2015). State of implementation: Scaling is envisaged.","Crop practices","Expected to happen","2011-2015","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Valley of Niger","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Implementation of the measures on this 500 000 ha of land will contribute to the overall reduction of annual emissions from rice fields, agricultural soils, burning of agricultural residues and prescribed burning of savannas by 30%.","Integrated Program for Adapting to Climate Change through the Development of Agriculture, River Transport and Tourism in the Niger Valley in Benin (PIACC-DAT-Niger Valley in Benin) not yet implemented","Crop practices","Expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Implementation of the measures on this 500 000 ha of land will contribute to the overall reduction of annual emissions from rice fields, agricultural soils, burning of agricultural residues and prescribed burning of savannas by 30%.","Projet d’adaptation des calendriers agricoles au nouveau contexte des changements climatiques non encore mis en oeuvre","Crop practices","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Ouémé Valley","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Implementation of the measures on this 500 000 ha of land will contribute to the overall reduction of annual emissions from rice fields, agricultural soils, burning of agricultural residues and prescribed burning of savannas by 30%.","Project to Support Infrastructures in the Ouémé Valley (PAIA-VO) under implementation (2013-2020)","Crop practices","Ongoing","2013-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Basin of Niger","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Implementation of the measures on this 500 000 ha of land will contribute to the overall reduction of annual emissions from rice fields, agricultural soils, burning of agricultural residues and prescribed burning of savannas by 30%.","Socio-Economic Infrastructure and Food Security Development Project (PDISSA) (To develop 750 ha of irrigated perimeters in the Niger basin) not yet implemented","Crop practices","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","National","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Strengthen the availability of water during dry periods for the adaptation of populations to climate change;","Mobilization of surface water for adaptation to climate change (micro-dams): National Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PANGIRE) (2011-2015) in the process of being updated","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","2011-2015","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","Ouémé Basin","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall, Changes in wind, Heat waves/Hotter days","Strengthen the availability of water during dry periods for the adaptation of populations to climate change;","Mobilization of surface water for adaptation to climate change (micro-dams): Master Plan for the Development and Management of Waters of the Ouémé Basin (2013-2025)","Water mgmt, Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","2013-2025","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","East coast of Cotonou","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Correct the sediment imbalance, the thickness reduction and the retreat of the beach: Coastal Protection Project East of Cotonou (2009-2015)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2009-2015","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","East coast of Cotonou","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Restoring fragile ecosystems (mangrove): Coastal Protection Project East of Cotonou (2009-2015)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2009-2015","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","East coast of Cotonou","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Promote improved salt extraction technology combining solar and wind: Coastal Protection Project East of Cotonou (2009-2015)","Livelihood type, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2009-2015","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Correct the sediment imbalance, the thickness reduction and the retreat of the beach:Project to protect the coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo (2012-2018)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2012-2018","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Restoring fragile ecosystems (mangrove):Project to protect the coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo (2012-2018)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2012-2018","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Benin (2015)","INDC","Benin","coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo","Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts), Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts), Mixed (Drought, floods and late and violent rains constitute three major climatic risks in Benin / high winds and excessive heat are also two climatic risks that may be of great importance in certain localities, in certain situations / the occurrence of climatic risks Such as sea-level rise, with little geographical influence, but capable of major economic and social impacts)","Sea level rise, Erosion/landslides","Protection of the coastal zone in the face of sea level rise / coastal erosion.","Promote improved salt extraction technology combining solar and wind: Project to protect the coast between Hilacondji and Grand Popo (2012-2018)","Livelihood type, Natural resource use","Ongoing","2012-2018","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","The adoption of a new forestry law requiring the use of reduced impact logging techniques and forest certification. By 2016, almost all of the 11.7 million hectares of forest area allocated to production will have a forest management plan.","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","by 2016","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","reforestation","Of reforestation operations under PRONAR, which are currently only 500 ha, should be able to increase to 100 000 ha per year, including forest and agroforestry plantations and forest restoration areas.","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Request that all management and development units become certified in 2025 and that at least all operators with more than 100 000 ha of \"useful\" area in their concession will install cogeneration units recycling the products From wood processing","Energy source, Natural resource use","Suggested","by 2025","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Forest management","Reduce by 2035 unforeseen deforestation to 20% of its current level, through the implementation of REDD +, including in protected areas","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Suggested","by 2035","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation effort","Generalize the use of improved stoves (20% in 2025 and 50% in 2035)","Energy source, Natural resource use","Suggested","2025-2035","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation effort","Improve all coal grinding wheels in 2025 (yield increases from 15 to 25%)","Energy source, Natural resource use","Suggested",2025,"National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)",null,"Transfer part of the planned oil palm plantations to savanna (100,000 ha)","Natural habitat encroachment, Land conversion, Livelihood location","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agroforestry","Agro forestry: producing wood-energy (pellets in particular) and service. [The agricultural techniques employed would be those of agro-forestry and agro-ecology, valuing legumes, producing wood energy (pellets in particular) and service, while alleviating the adverse effects of climate change, thus constituting an important Co-benefit between mitigation and adaptation]","Natural resource use, Crop practices, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Agroecology, valuing legumes. [The agricultural techniques employed would be those of agro-forestry and agro-ecology, valuing legumes, producing wood energy (pellets in particular) and service, while alleviating the adverse effects of climate change, thus constituting an important Co-benefit between mitigation and adaptation]","Natural resource use, Crop practices, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Agriculture upturn","Cocoa farming projects to reduce emissions from deforestation are examples to be replicated.","Natural resource use, Crop practices, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Livestock upturn","The animal herd would be quadrupled, in the framework of sylvo-pastoral techniques, which will be an additional emission factor","Livestock mgmt, Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","Suplementary GHE emissions",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","lack of food","Sea and river fishing and aquaculture cover only 60% of consumption. In order to achieve self-sufficiency by 2035, catches and production would have to be increased sixfold in 2035, with a proportional impact on diesel fuel consumption.","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Suggested","by 2035","National","Not specified","fishing preassure x6 and suplementary GHE emissions",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","mining energy","In a trend scenario, it is estimated that 70% of the energy consumed in 2025 will be generated from renewable energies (hydroelectricity, half of which is generated locally, without using the public grid) and 80% in 2035 Base of private investment), while adopting the most environmentally friendly extraction methods. The mining potential of the Congo is very important, especially in the iron, potash, uranium, gold and diamonds, and still untapped. Most of the projects would be in forest areas.","Energy source","Expected to happen","2025-2035","National","Not specified","deforestation",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","mining energy","It is proposed in the low-carbon scenario to increase the share of renewable energies to be used for the extraction of mining products to 90% by 2025 and to 95% by 2035 (use of biomass from complementary savannah plantations Of hydro power).","Energy source","Suggested","2025-2035","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Conditional mitigation measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Congo (2015)","INDC","Congo","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","ensure transport and energy","Installation of a set of road, electrical and port infrastructures allowing a \"green\" production and a good circulation of products in particular for export","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","2015-2025","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","ensure energy","The village electrification project using a renewable energy system will be carried out between 2015 and 2020 and will cost US $ 7.2 million","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","Kénié","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","ensure energy","The project for the Kénié hydroelectric power plant, to be carried out between 2015 and 2020, will cost US $ 165 million.","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","2015-2020","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","reduce GHE emissions","For the irrigated rice sub-sector, mitigation will focus on water management through intermittent irrigation to avoid permanent flooding of rice-producing land, a source of fermentation emissions.","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","reduce GHE emissions","For the livestock and chemical fertilizer sub-sectors, the mitigation measure will focus on the substitution of high-nitrogen urea for organic fertilization, the production of which will reduce anaerobic decomposition-related manure emissions .","Livestock mgmt, Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","reforestation","Reforestation and forest regeneration. Project Global Alliance on Climate Change.","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Wood management","Forest management planning and management plans. Rational exploitation of wood energy in these \"massifs\" mountainous","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","Delta of Niger","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","fruit trees plantations","Plantations of village groves and fruit trees. Sustainable Development Program in the Niger Delta","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","River Niger","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Habitat recovery","Fixing of dunes. Forest timber plantations. Project Fighting silting of the River Niger","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","wild life protection","Creation of wildlife migration corridors","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Improved fireplaces","Extension of fuelwood saving fireplaces","Energy source, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Energy recovery","Production of briquettes through agricultural by-products.","Energy source, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Reforestation and biofuel production","Plantation of \"Pourghère\" (Jatropha curcas) for rural electrification. Planting of Jatropha in agrarian systems","Energy source, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","reforestation","Plantation of Acacia Senegal","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","reforestation","Forest management for the restoration of degraded ecosystems to reforest 325,000 hectares, promote assisted natural regeneration and the fight against silting and strengthen the protection of protected areas on 9 million hectares","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Suggested","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Priority programs contained in Mali's announcements at the World Climate Summit in September 2014 in New York (Forecasted and needed adaptations)","Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Agriculture upturn","Development of intelligent and climate resilient agriculture for the development of 92,000 ha in the context of sustainable land management with the commitment of the State to allocate 15% of the national budget to 'Agriculture","Crop practices","Suggested","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Priority programs contained in Mali's announcements at the World Climate Summit in September 2014 in New York (Forecasted and needed adaptations)","Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Livestock upturn","Pastoral planning resilient to climate change aiming at the realization of 3,300 km of transhumance axes in order to reduce conflicts between farmers and stockbreeders, the realization of 21 perimeters and pastoral areas with a total area of 400,000 ha","Livestock mgmt","Suggested","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Priority programs contained in Mali's announcements at the World Climate Summit in September 2014 in New York (Forecasted and needed adaptations)","Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","water management","Rainwater harvesting and storage to contribute to universal access to drinking water and access to water for other uses through the creation of 20 drinking water systems and 200 Surface water catchments and surface water bodies for 75,000 rural (male and female) households,","Water mgmt","Suggested","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Priority programs contained in Mali's announcements at the World Climate Summit in September 2014 in New York (Forecasted and needed adaptations)","Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","ensure energy","Development of renewable energies and energy efficiency, aiming to install more than 100 MW of renewable energy (target to reach the target of 10% of the energy mix by 2020, developing photovoltaic energy, wind, small Hydro - electricity and biomass energy).","Energy source","Suggested","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Priority programs contained in Mali's announcements at the World Climate Summit in September 2014 in New York (Forecasted and needed adaptations)","Ana","Mixed (Natural hazards have increased with intensification of climate change: repeated droughts, floods, strong winds, bush fires, destabilization of the rainfall regime. The most affected agriculture represents 45% of the GNP and occupies about 80% of the working population)"]
["INDC - Mali (2015)","INDC","Mali","National","Mitigation effort","Drought, Flooding, Changes in wind, Wildfires, Changes in timing of season","Agriculture upturn","Development and extension of crop varieties; Animal types and improved and adapted forage crops","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"from NAPA","Ana","duplicating information ¿?"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Solar PV: power stations with a cumulative total power of 160 MWp","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana","unconditional contribution: objective reduce GHG emissions and impact on natural resources"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Wind turbine: power stations with total cumulative power 150 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana","Conditional contribution: with the support of the international community"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Hydraulics: power stations with a cumulative total capacity of 144 MW / 522 GWh","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","392 villages electrified in mini-grid solar or hybrid (diesel / solar)","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Wind turbines commissioning of power stations with a cumulative total power of 200 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Solar PV: Commissioning of power stations with a cumulative total power of 200 MWp","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana","MIXED (, MIXED (The observed impacts show a downward trend in rainfall, a definite increase in average temperatures, a rise in sea level and disturbances on the availability of hydraulic and fishing resources, soils and cultivable areas. They reflect the vulnerability of Senegal's ecosystems, requiring specific actions to mitigate and adapt to future climate prospects in order to control their potential impacts, in particular in socio-economic terms, on the 60% of the population whose livelihood depends Directly from these resources)"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Biomass: Commissioning of power stations with a cumulative total power of 50 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana","QUESTION: the mitigation efforts are planned in response to these mixed impacts (cell above), would it be fine to mark all of them as the impacts for all the human responses reported? Is it better to mark \"other\" in the natural hazard or \"unspecified\" in the impact/opportunity? naturally, all of them can't be in response to sea level rise for example"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Solar - CSP: commissioning of power stations with a cumulative total power of 50 MW","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Hydraulic: Injection on the network of 200 additional GWh in 2025","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","Replacement of the Jindal 320MW coal-fired power plant by two 400 MW Combined Liquefied Natural Gas (CCGN) power plants (2025: 200 MW and 2028: 200 MW)","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","ensure energy","5,000 villages solar-powered (mini-grid) for universal access to electricity","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","communes of Tivaoune, Touba and Kaolack","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Sanitation and recovery of waste","Construction of 3 Integrated Waste Recovery Centers (DICs) in the communes of Tivaoune, Touba and Kaolack","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","towns of Ziguinchor, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Matam, Joal, Nioro and Bakel; and Camberène, Rufisque ","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Sanitation and recovery of waste","Reinforcement of the purification capacity of the STEP de Camberène, Rufisque and installation of new STEPs in the towns of Ziguinchor, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Matam, Joal, Nioro and Bakel","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Sanitation and recovery of waste","Rehabilitation of 357 landfills listed","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Sanitation and recovery of waste","Construction of sustainable waste management infrastructures: 100 Standardized Regroupment Points (PRN) and 7 Integrated Waste Recovery Centers (DIV)","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Agriculture upturn","Intensive Rice-growing System (SRI): Economy of nearly 40% in water compared to traditional flooded rice cultivation","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Agriculture upturn","Application of good practices in agroforestry, natural assisted regeneration (NAS) ",null,"Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Agriculture upturn","use of organic manure on half of the area sown","Crop practices, Land conversion","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Agroforestry","Combination of trees, conventional crops and / or animals in the form of an arrangement","Crop practices","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Reforestation","Development of 20 forests per year for 5 years (development of 1 million ha of forests)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Reforestation","Reforestation, Great Green Wall (GVW), eco-villages, annual reforestation and restoration of mangroves by the State and other actors, etc.","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Forest management","Reduction of the deforestation rate (which is - 40 000 ha) by 25% from 2023","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","mangrove forestation","4000 ha / year of mangroves set aside and reforested from 2017","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Habitat recovery","Annual reduction of burned areas by around 5% from 2020","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Habitat recovery","Reduction of 30% in area burned from 2020 and 90% from 2025","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","reforestation","22,392 hectares reforested annually since 2011","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Senegal (2015)","INDC","Senegal","National","Mitigation effort","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","reforestation","200 000 to 204 000 ha reforestation annually from 2017","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Unconditional Mitigation Measures","Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","Wele river","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Use of the hydroelectric potential of the Wele River, for the electrification of the entire Continental Region of the country","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","Musola and Riaba (Bioko island), and Biokomo (continental)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Reform and refurbishment of the Musola hydroelectric centers (0.4-0.5 MW), Riaba (3.8 MW), for the electrification of the entire island of Bioko. And Bikomo in the continental region (3.2 MW)","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","remote islands of the country (Annobón, Corisco and others)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","It bets on the options of wind, solar and / or tidal power for the remote islands of the country (Annobón, Corisco and others).","Energy source, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Continuation of the modernization of airport infrastructures, road traffic and port infrastructures","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Construction of ecologically sustainable cities with new home energy mechanisms, with many green spaces and an optimal approach to waste management","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Promotion of agricultural production systems with better resilience to climate change","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea (2015)","INDC","Equatorial Guinea","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","Restoration of different ecosystems susceptible to losing their resilience","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Comoros (2015)","INDC","Comoros","National","Mitigation effort","Heat waves/Hotter days, Storms, Changes in timing of season, Sea level rise","reforestation","it is planned to reforest about 12 000 ha during the period 2018 to 2030","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","2018-2030","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana","MIXED (The main hazards affecting the Union of Comoros are: increase in temperature, rise in sea level (erosion and submersion), tropical cyclones more intense, changes in precipitation regime, The acidity of the oceans and the alteration of fundamental cycles.)"]
["INDC - Comoros (2015)","INDC","Comoros","National","Mitigation effort","Heat waves/Hotter days, Storms, Changes in timing of season, Sea level rise","Agroforestry","The area under agroforestry and arboriculture will evolve at a rate of 200 ha per year from 2018 to 2030.","Land conversion, Natural resource use, Crop practices","Expected to happen","2018-2030","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Comoros (2015)","INDC","Comoros","National","Mitigation effort","Heat waves/Hotter days, Storms, Changes in timing of season, Sea level rise","Forest management","Existing protected areas will be expanded to 50,000 ha in 2030.","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen",2030,"National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Comoros (2015)","INDC","Comoros","National","Mixed: increase in temperature, tropical cyclones more intense, changes in precipitation regime, and the alteration of fundamental cycles","Storms, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Agriculture upturn","Agriculture: Reducing the vulnerability of agricultural systems to climate change and climate variability - Project: Agricultural Sector Capacity Building and Resilience to Climate Change in the Comoros (CRCCA)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"no specific measures described","Ana"]
["INDC - Comoros (2015)","INDC","Comoros","National","MIXED (The main hazards affecting the Union of Comoros are: increase in temperature, rise in sea level (erosion and submersion), tropical cyclones more intense, changes in precipitation regime, The acidity of the oceans and the alteration of fundamental cycles.)","Heat waves/Hotter days, Storms, Changes in timing of season, Sea level rise","Habitat recovery","Coastal zones: strengthening resilience in the Comoros by rehabilitating watersheds, forests and diversifying livelihoods - Project: Rehabilitation of watersheds, forests and adaptive livelihoods","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Expected to happen","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"no specific measures described","Ana"]
["INDC - Democratic Republic of Congo (2015)","INDC","Democratic Republic of Congo","National","MIXED (The five main climatic risks (intense rains, coastal erosion, floods, heat seasons, and severe seasonal droughts) that threaten the daily lives of populations, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, erosion, The destruction of habitats especially the poor in urban areas, and the increased vulnerability due to water-borne diseases. Seasonal droughts cause severe disruption of agricultural schedules.)","Increased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Agriculture upturn","PANA-ASA 2 \"Project for Resilient Economic Growth and Adaptation to Climate Change in the DRC\", to be implemented from 2016 onwards, involves the dissemination of NAPA-ASA achievements in new target areas. This project will aim to create an enabling environment for adaptation and improve agro-ecological production practices;","Crop practices","Ongoing","FROM 2016","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"NAPA //no specific measures described","Ana"]
["INDC - Democratic Republic of Congo (2015)","INDC","Democratic Republic of Congo","National","MIXED (The five main climatic risks (intense rains, coastal erosion, floods, heat seasons, and severe seasonal droughts) that threaten the daily lives of populations, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, erosion, The destruction of habitats especially the poor in urban areas, and the increased vulnerability due to water-borne diseases. Seasonal droughts cause severe disruption of agricultural schedules.)","Increased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Coastal erosion","NAPA Coastal Zone (2015-2020): This ongoing project aims to strengthen the resilience of communities to climate change through the implementation of coastal erosion control, Early warning and diversification of income-generating activities for vulnerable communities","Livelihood type, Other","Ongoing","2015-2020","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"NAPA //no specific measures described","Ana"]
["INDC - Gabon (2015)","INDC","Gabon","National","coastal erosion","Erosion/landslides","coastal erosion","Mangrove conservation projects for the protection of the coastline","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Gabon (2015)","INDC","Gabon","province of Estuary, and national parks","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Attenuation of GHG emissions","The creation of 13 national parks in 2002 that prohibits logging in large areas of the territory, followed in 2012 by restrictions on large areas of the province of Estuary","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Happened","2002 and 2012","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC - Gabon (2015)","INDC","Gabon","The cities of Libreville and Port-Gentil","sea level rise","Sea level rise","coastal erosion","The cities of Libreville and Port-Gentil, which are particularly exposed, are subject to protection measures on the coast by physical barriers and rehabilitation works on the banks.","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Ana"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Reduced emissions, increased food security","Mainstreaming agro ecology techniques using spatial plant stacking as in agro forestry, kitchen gardens, nutrient recycling, and water conservation to maximise sustainable food production","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Reduced emissions, increased food security","Utilising resource recovery and reuse through organic waste composting and wastewater irrigation","Crop practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Reduced emissions, increased food security","Using fertiliser enriched compost","Crop practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Nutrient runoff",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Reduced emissions, increased food productivity","Pest management and cattle fodder production via push-pull agriculture","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Potential reduced chemical insecticide use",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Increased food productivity, increased soil quality, carbon sequestration","Installation of land protection structures like radical and progressive terraces where these structures will be installed on 100% of the relevant area, implementation of an intensive agroforestry programme with a target of covering 100% of arable land, Installation of land protection structures like radical and progressive terraces where these structures will be installed on 100% of the relevant area, implementation of an intensive agroforestry programme with a target of covering 100% of arable land","Crop practices, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","Increase irrigation and water management","Water mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Rwanda intends to expand local markets by constructing market infrastructure, including roofed market facilities, serviceable road and transport networks, developing decentralized village-based agricultural processing centers that incorporate low-carbon sources of energy, such as biogasdigesters and solar driers, and decentralized compost plants","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Erosion/landslides","Food security","Increased post-harvest crop treatment and storage facilities","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Increase carbon sequestration","Promote afforestation/refore station of designated areas through enhanced germplasm and technical practices in planting and post-planting processes","Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","The country intends to use mixed-species approaches which contribute greatly to the achievement of both mitigation objectives and adaptation benefits of ecosystem resilience and biodiversity","None suspected","Increase in forest habitat",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Increase carbon sequestration, increase natural resources","Plant and maintain young plantations until they are of commercial age","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase in forest habitat, until potentially being exploited once the plantation matures to a harvestable age",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","Regional (Volcanoes national park, Nyungwe forest and Akagera national park)","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase local income","Increase business tourism and promote visits to national parks (Volcanoes national park, Nyungwe forest and Akagera national park)","Livelihood type, Infrastructure dev, Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","Regional","None mentioned","Increased disturbance, habitat loss, habitat degradation","Potentially provides income for national park protection","Mitigation box on INDC is empty for this action","Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Reduced rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","All the existing 53 gauging stations will be upgraded to automated real time data stations","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Reduced rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","Expand water storage and irrigation infrastructure, increase rain water harvesting","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce land use, increase carbon sequestration","Reduce the plot size for single family houses from current 600 m2 to 300 m2 by 2016 and to 225 m2 by 2030","Natural habitat encroachment","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Floods, landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Reduced crop productivity","Implement farming techniques to reduce impacts of floods and land slides","Crop practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Floods, landslides","Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Loss of homes, loss of life","In addition to households previously relocated from high risk zones, Rwanda will relocate additional 30 000 households","Migration","Ongoing","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mixed (variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, drought, landslides)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Erosion/landslides, Storms","Loss of homes, loss of life","Upgrading and maintaining weather stations, weather radars","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construction of hydro and solar power plants, methane to electricity plants","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construct new electricity transmission lines and power stations, upgrade and improve current","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Establish up to 100 solar PV mini-grids with 9.4 MW capacity in rural areas","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation","May reduce rural dependence on fire wood as a major fuel",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Construct central bus terminals, construct 17km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation",null,"Claims to reduce GHG emissions by providing increased public transport and optimised travel routes","Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Install more energy efficient equipment in factories (mainly tea and coffee industry) to reduce wood fuel consumption","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Extraction and utilization of Landfill Gas (LFG) for power generation; approximately 586,000 tCO2e will be reduced from this action","Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat disturbance","Potential habitat restoration in the long-term, but unlikely",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Rwanda","INDC","Rwanda","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, Reduce emissions","Sustainable Charcoal Value Chain to reduce the demand of wood in charcoal production and downstream activities, leading to a potential net reduction in wood use of approximately 5,770,000 t between 2016 – 2030 (equal to 5,770,000 tCO2 saved)","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Municipality of Cambambe)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Repowering of Cambambe Central I Hydroelectric Power Plant","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","Regional","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Municipality of Cambambe)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construction of Second Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Plant","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","Regional","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Municipality of Tombwa)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construction of Tombwa Wind Farm (50 wind turbines)","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","Regional","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Malange province)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Cultivate and harvest 34 thousand hectares of sugarcane in the province of Malange, to process a capacity of 2.25 million tons of raw material per season. The country intends to produce 23 million liters of ethanol and 170 GW of power through co-generation","Energy source, Land conversion","Expected to happen","by 2030","Regional","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Mitigation effort, increased wildfires","Wildfires, Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Stabilise GHG from agricultural sector via livestock and wildfires","Livestock mgmt, Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Huila province, Kuando-Cubango province, Malange province)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Increase carbon sequestration","50 000ha to be planted in the 10 years; 140 000ha of eucalyptus to be planted in Huila province; 60 000ha of eucalyptus to be planted in the Province of Kuando-Cubango and 25 000ha about to be planted in Malange province in the next five years","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Habitat gain, habitat restoration",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Development of 681 MW for wind energy projects, 438 MW for solar projects, 640 MW for biomass projects, 6,732 MW hydroelectric projects","Energy source","Suggested","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Decreased/unpredictable agricultural productivity","Improved agricultural and livestock production, health and animal nutrition, soil and water management","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt, Water mgmt","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss if land converted to agriculture, potential increase in chemical fertilisers",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Regional (Miombo woodland)","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","To reduce the current unsustainable and GHG-intensive biomass production and utilization from Angola‟s Miombo woodlands via an integrated suite of interventions in the country‟s charcoal value chain","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","The \"Solar Village\" Programme, launched by the Executive under the National Development Plan (PND) 2013-2017, allowed to date the electrification of 48 villages in different regions of the country, benefiting 100,000 families. The goal of the Executive is to produce by 2025 about 100 megawatts of solar power to all rural areas","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2025","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construction of hydroelectric and thermal power plants","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2017","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Energy security","Extend electricity grid to rural areas","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Erosion/landslides","Reduced crop productivity","Soil erosion control through organic methods","Other","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop productivity","Diversify crops to less climate sensitive cultures","Crop practices","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","Increase water availability through village-level wells and boreholes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Drought, floods, increase temperatures","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","Implement water-harvesting system in drought-prone areas","Water mgmt","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","National","Floods","Flooding","Flood prevention","Construct flood protection barriers along major rivers","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation","Flood prevention",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Angola","INDC","Angola","Coastal","Floods, sea level rise","Flooding, Sea level rise","Flood prevention","Construct sea level protection structure","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","Habitat loss, habitat degradation","Prevents saline incursion into freshwater",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, soil erosion)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Flooding, Erosion/landslides","Food security","Diversify livestock and range management","Livestock mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Reduced crop productivity","Access drought resistant crops","Crop practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought, soil erosion","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides","Reduced crop productivity","Adopt better soil management practises","Crop practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Potential improved soil quality","Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Increase crop productivity","Increase use of efficient irrigation systems","Water mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought","Decreased rainfall, Drought","Lack of water","Increase rainwater and sustainable ground water harvesting","Water mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat degradation",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought, soil erosion","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides","Lack of water, soil erosion","Increase planting of native vegetation cover and promote re-greening","Water mgmt, Natural resource use, Land conversion","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Habitat gain","Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, soil erosion)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides","Increased livestock and crop productivity","Intensify crop and livestock production in place of slash-and-burn","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential increase in chemical fertiliser use","Reduced habitat loss/degradation through slash-and-burn farming","Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, soil erosion)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides","Reduced natural resource use","Improve management of forest reserves and enforce low impact logging practice","Natural resource use","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss, reduced habitat degradation","Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, soil erosion)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides, Sea level rise","Energy security","Develop and diversify secure energy backup systems to ensure both civil society and security forces have access to emergency energy supply","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,"Key sector, emergency power stations?","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, soil erosion)","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Erosion/landslides, Sea level rise","Reduce emissions, energy security","Expand sustainable energy sources","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, sea level rise)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Sea level rise","Reduce impact to industry","Encourage relocation of high risk industries, facilities and markets","Livelihood location, Migration","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,"Key sector","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construct multi-cycle power stations","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Construct scalable power station of 20-50MW","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions","Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat degradation, reduced pollution",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid)","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions, energy security","Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels","Energy source, Land conversion","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss if land converted to agriculture to produce ethanol/biodiesel",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Stop using charcoal in agriculture","Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Potential reduced habitat loss, degradation depending on how charcoal is produced",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Modal transport shift from air and freight to rail","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation",null,"Depends on whether rail network requires building or upgrading","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Reduce emissions","Upgrading roads","Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Drought, sea level rise","Drought, Sea level rise","Lack of fish for food","Enhance artisanal fisheries and encourage sustainable aquaculture as adaptation options for fishing communities","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, sea level rise)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced natural resource use","Restore community and private natural forests, plantations and nurseries","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss","Potential habitat gain","Depends on whether more forests or crop plantations are grown, and the resulting use of these natural resources","Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, sea level rise)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase living standards","Discourage building/urban encroachment into vulnerable areas, high risk zones & low lying areas","Migration, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced habitat loss",null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, sea level rise)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase living standards","Strengthen rural settlements in order to reduce migration","Migration, Infrastructure dev","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat loss",null,null,"Matthew"]
["INDC Nigeria","INDC","Nigeria","National","Mixed (rainfall variation, floods, drought, increased temperatures, sea level rise)","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Loss of biodiversity","Support the active implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), particularly those strategic actions that address climate change impacts","Other","Expected to happen","by 2030","National","Not specified","None suspected","Habitat gain, restoration, protection","No information about the actual actions to be undertaken","Matthew"]
["Simatele et al. 2015","Journal ","Zambia","The Southern Province ","Frequent and severe drought episodes ","Drought","Loss of financial income. Decline and loss of livestock due to disease and starvation (cattle) due to water scarcity. Decline and loss of fish stocks. Decline in wild fruits, roots and vegetable.","Migration from the Southern Province to the Central Province ","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Simatele et al. 2015","Journal ","Zambia","The Southern Province ","Intense heat","Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yields, loss of livestock and other assets, and corresponding increases in poverty. ","Migration from the Southern Province to the Central Province ","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Simatele et al. 2015","Journal ","Zambia","The Southern Province ","Occasional flooding or heavy rainfall","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Reduced crop yields, loss of livestock and other assets, and corresponding increases in poverty. ","Migration from the Southern Province to the Central Province ","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Simatele et al. 2015","Journal ","Zambia","The Southern Province ","Cold episodes accompanied by frost","Cold spells/Frost","Reduced crop yields, loss of livestock and other assets, and corresponding increases in poverty. ","Migration from the Southern Province to the Central Province ","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Alem et al. 2015","Journal ","Tanzania","The Kilombero district in the Morogoro region of Tanzania","Reduced rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Reduced crop yields","Switch from traditional rice farming to a method known as the system of rice intensiﬁcation (SRI)","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened/ongoing",2009,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","SRI reduces water consumption by half, reduces methane emmisions",null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Majawanga village, Majawanga village (Morogoro region)","Decrease in rainfall days. Temperature increase during the hot season of the year, but also extraordinary cold seasons.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Cold spells/Frost","High yield losses due to poor rainfall.","Changes in livestock","Livestock mgmt","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Majawanga village, Majawanga village (Morogoro region)","Decrease in rainfall days. Temperature increase during the hot season of the year, but also extraordinary cold seasons.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Cold spells/Frost","High yield losses due to poor rainfall.","Drought-resistant varieties","Crop practices","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Majawanga village, Majawanga village (Morogoro region)","Decrease in rainfall days. Temperature increase during the hot season of the year, but also extraordinary cold seasons.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Cold spells/Frost","High yield losses due to poor rainfall.","Transport services with oxcarts","Other","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Majawanga village, Majawanga village (Morogoro region)","Decrease in rainfall days. Temperature increase during the hot season of the year, but also extraordinary cold seasons.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Cold spells/Frost","High yield losses due to poor rainfall.","temporary migration","Migration","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Majawanga village, Majawanga village (Morogoro region)","Decrease in rainfall days. Temperature increase during the hot season of the year, but also extraordinary cold seasons.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Cold spells/Frost","High yield losses due to poor rainfall.","Permanent relocation to less drought prone areas","Migration","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Manza village (Morogoro region)","The number of days with rainfall per year has decreased in the last decade, while the number and duration of dry spells and the number of hot days have increased.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Long-term losses in maize productivity","Irrigation with water from the local river","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","Potential impacts to local river system",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Manza village (Morogoro region)","The number of days with rainfall per year has decreased in the last decade, while the number and duration of dry spells and the number of hot days have increased.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Long-term losses in maize productivity","Drought-resistant crops","Crop practices","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Manza village (Morogoro region)","The number of days with rainfall per year has decreased in the last decade, while the number and duration of dry spells and the number of hot days have increased.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Long-term losses in maize productivity","Early maturing crop varieties","Crop practices","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Below et al. 2015","Journal","Tanzania","Manza village (Morogoro region)","The number of days with rainfall per year has decreased in the last decade, while the number and duration of dry spells and the number of hot days have increased.","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Long-term losses in maize productivity","Forest protection","Natural resource use","Suggested/Planned","N/A","Local ","None mentioned","None","Protection of forest will have direct biodiveristy benefits",null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Improved crop varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Irrigation","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Crop diversification  (i.e., drought-tolerant and early maturing varieties)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Farm diversification","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Change of planting date","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Income generating activities","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Agroforestry practice","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected","Planting trees or other vegetation would benefit biodiversity",null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Off farm jobs","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Composting and mulching","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected","Could improve soil ",null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Reduction in farm size","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected","Unknown",null,"Abby"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Journal","Ghana","Brifo-chaa, Methuo, Kalsagri, and Oribili in the Lawra district of Ghana, located at longitude 10°30′ N and latitude 2°35′ W","Increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, high variability of rainfall, drought","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days, Drought","Reduced yield","Dry season gardening","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Suckall et al. 2015","Journal","Malawi","Hinnock in Lilongwe District, Central Region","Temperatures have increased.  Changes in rainfall patternsare harder to establish due to variability, but observations suggest there has been no change in onset, duration or amount of rain. Malawi is already prone to extreme events such as drought and flooding. ","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Decline in agricultural productivity and increasingly pronounced hungry season that was attributed to temperature increases, delayed and short rains and decreased soil fertility. Both villages also reported sudden and acute shocks, speciﬁcally a severe hunger and ﬂooding following heavy rain., Decline in agricultural productivity and increasingly pronounced hungry season that was attributed to temperature increases, delayed and short rains and decreased soil fertility. Both villages also reported sudden and acute shocks, speciﬁcally a severe hunger and ﬂooding following heavy rain.","Rural to urban migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Suckall et al. 2015","Journal","Malawi","Chikamana in Balaka Distirct, Southern Region","Temperatures have increased.  Changes in rainfall patternsare harder to establish due to variability, but observations suggest there has been no change in onset, duration or amount of rain. Malawi is already prone to extreme events such as drought and flooding. ","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days","Decline in agricultural productivity and increasingly pronounced hungry season that was attributed to temperature increases, delayed and short rains and decreased soil fertility. Both villages also reported sudden and acute shocks, speciﬁcally a severe hunger and ﬂooding following heavy rain., Decline in agricultural productivity and increasingly pronounced hungry season that was attributed to temperature increases, delayed and short rains and decreased soil fertility. Both villages also reported sudden and acute shocks, speciﬁcally a severe hunger and ﬂooding following heavy rain.","Rural to urban migration","Migration","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Shifts in seasons","Changes in timing of season","Severe negative impacts on agriculture"," Individuals and community prayers to appease God who might be angry about the wrongdoings of people","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Shifts in seasons","Changes in timing of season","Severe negative impacts on agriculture","Adapt livelihood activities to changing season","Livelihood type","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Shifts in length and quality of rains","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall","Disrupting subsistence agricultural production leading to famine and severe loss of livelihoods","Adapt livelihood activities to changing rainfall","Livelihood type","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Prolonged drought period","Drought","Perturbation of agricultural periods; Low production of agriculture;  Decrease of water debit that leads to disruption of electricity supply, Perturbation of agricultural periods; Low production of agriculture;  Decrease of water debit that leads to disruption of electricity supply","Use of swampy areas for vegetable agriculture","Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Prolonged drought period","Drought","Perturbation of agricultural periods; Low production of agriculture;  Decrease of water debit that leads to disruption of electricity supply","Use of improve varieties of seeds which are high yielding, short term, and resistant to prolonged drought and diseases","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Prolonged drought period","Drought","Perturbation of agricultural periods; Low production of agriculture;  Decrease of water debit that leads to disruption of electricity supply","Intensification of mining resources exploitation","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Increased mining would negatively impact biodiversity",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Prolonged drought period","Drought","Perturbation of agricultural periods; Low production of agriculture;  Decrease of water debit that leads to disruption of electricity supply","Intensification of hunting activities","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Increased hunting would negatively impact biodiversity if it was not done in a sustainable way",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Increase slash and burn activities","Crop practices, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Slash and burn agriculture would likely result in natural land conversion",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Intensification of hunting activities","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Increased hunting would negatively impact biodiversity if it was not done in a sustainable way",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Few reforestation activities with species, such as Eucalyptus, which lead to most of the time to soil impoverishment","Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Community","Soil impoverishment","Soil impoverishment",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Exploitation of swampy areas","Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Could encroach on natural habitat",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Sensitization workshops on climate change","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Irrigated agriculture ","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could use less water than traditional agriculture",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Use of solar panels for energy ","Energy source","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Restoration of degraded land with suitable agroforestry species","Land conversion","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Would likely increase biodiveristy",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Increase proliferation of mosquitoes; Outbreaks of diseases such as malaria and typhoid; Very low agropastoral production;  Loss of forest cover through bushfires; Reduction in fish stock; Increase animal morbidity;  Increase numbers of bushfires;  Increase food insecurity;  Dust storms leading to respiratory problems","Use of appropriate adaptation strategies","Other","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)"," Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Drought","Rapid dry up of some food crops like peanuts and corn","Irrigated agriculture during such periods","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could use less water than traditional agriculture",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)"," Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Drought","Rapid dry up of some food crops like peanuts and corn","Adapting agriculture to changing seasons","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)"," Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Drought","Rapid dry up of some food crops like peanuts and corn","Seeking tolerant seed varieties","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)"," Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Drought","Withdrawal of wild game during pockets of severe drought","Training in raising domestic livestock","Livelihood type, Livestock mgmt","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Occasional rain during dry season","Increased rainfall","Rapid growth of some plants such as banana, plantain, cocoyam, and cassava","Intensification of the production of such products","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Erratic rainfall patterns","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall","Low agricultural production; Erosion; Siltation of rivers; Deterioration of watersheds","Experimentation of improved stoves and other renewable energies","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Erratic rainfall patterns","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall","Low agricultural production; Erosion; Siltation of rivers; Deterioration of watersheds","Build microdumps ","Other","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Erratic rainfall patterns","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall","Low agricultural production; Erosion; Siltation of rivers; Deterioration of watersheds","Seeking improved seeds resistant to climate variability and resistant to diseases","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Loss of lives and assets; Loss of branches of multipurpose trees; Failure of most food tree flowers; Low production of fruit trees","Keeping trees around important species and houses as windbreaks","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Keeping trees could benefit biodiveristy",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Loss of lives and assets; Loss of branches of multipurpose trees; Failure of most food tree flowers; Low production of fruit trees","Installation wind mills","Infrastructure dev, Energy source","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Potential bird strikes",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Loss of lives and assets; Loss of branches of multipurpose trees; Failure of most food tree flowers; Low production of fruit trees","Intensification of the restoration of degraded land and reforestation","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Restoration and reforestation would benefit biodiversity",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima), Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Strong winds","Changes in wind","Loss of lives and assets; Loss of branches of multipurpose trees; Failure of most food tree flowers; Low production of fruit trees","Build infrastructures with climate change focus that could resist most climate risks.","Infrastructure dev","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima), Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Most cash crop rot such as cassava","Avoid culture in the valleys and swampy areas during rainy season","Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Avoiding swampy areas such as marshes would likely benefit biodiversity in those areas",null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima), Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Most cash crop rot such as cassava","Seeking improved seeds","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima), Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Most cash crop rot such as cassava","Relocating field","Livelihood location, Land conversion, Natural habitat encroachment","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","Could impact biodiversity if relocation involved natural habitat conversion",null,null,"Abby"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Journal","Democratic Republic of Congo","Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima), Bukavu, communities living in the vicinity of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Kalehe-Littoral, Buloho, and Kalima)","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Better production of hydroenergy for electricity","No response","Energy source","Planned","N/A","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Megersa et al. 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","The Dire and Yabelo districts in the Borana zone of Oromia Regional State, southern Ethiopia","Grassland cover and grass species diversity have declined over time, while bush encroachment is expanding. Rainfall has become less in amount and duration, while temperature and drought frequencies have risen.","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Changing climatic and rangeland conditions causeed declines in cattle herd sizes and productivity.","Livestock species diversification. Environmental changes are driving the selection of animal species that are better able to adapt to the changing conditions. Specifically people are switching from cattle to camels, goats, and sheep.","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing",2011,"Community","Small ruminants generally feed on the leafy and brushy plants as well as shrubs invading the grasslands that are either unpalatable or poisonous to cattle, thus contributing to improved rangeland productivity and ecological stability. ","Unknown","Diversification of livestock may prevent agricultural expansion",null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Changing the timing of planting","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Planting early maturing crops","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Crop diversiﬁcation","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Using agro-forestry systems","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Would likely benefit biodiveristy",null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Planting drought-tolerant crops","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Using irrigation","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","If irrigation systems are efficient it could reduce water use",null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Crop rotation","Crop practices","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could benefit soil biodiversity",null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Livelihood diversiﬁcation","Livelihood type","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Relying on family and friends","Other","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Using agro-ecological knowledge","Other","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Temporal migration","Migration","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Governmental and NGOs assistance","Other","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Changing diets ","Other","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Journal","Ghana","Aframso, Babaso and Nyamebekyere communities in the Ejura Sekyedumase district (Ashanti region) and Adaboya, Ayelbia and Vea communities in the Bongo district (Upper East region).","Increasing temperatures, delay in the onset of rains, decreased rains, increased rains. ","Increased rainfall, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season, Heat waves/Hotter days","Reduced crop yield, crop failure","Reducing food consumption","Other","Happened","Data presented in this paper were collected during two periods of ﬁeldwork; May–August 2010, and June–August 2011","Community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Abby"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","ate less food - 81% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," reduced number of meals/day - 60% of surveyed households ","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","purchased food 67% of surveyed - households ","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","changed diet - 51% of surveyed households ","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","sold assets to buy food - 42% of surveyed households ","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","borrowed money - 20% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," received food from relatives - 16% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," increased consumption of wild plants and animals - 14% of surveyed households ","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Happened","N/A","National","Potential for overuse of wild species and degradation of forests",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","sent older children away to work - 9% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," received food from neighbours/community - 8% of surveyed households ","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","took boys out of school - 7% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," took girls out of school - 6 % of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","made children work more on the farm - 6% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","sent an adult household member to get an outside job - 6% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," leased their land to other farmers - 1% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Cyclones, increased pests, drought, flooding","Storms, Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," received food aid from organization - 1% of surveyed households","Other","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought, Flooding ","Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","changed timing of crop planting ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought, Flooding","Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," changed crops grown ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought, Flooding","Drought, Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","changed crop varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought","Drought","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","changed location of crop fields ","Crop practices, Livelihood location","Happened","N/A","National","Potential clearing of natural areas, depending on new location of fields",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought","Drought","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","built a water-harvesting system for crops - 3.7% of surveyed farmers","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Drought","Drought","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," installed an irrigation system - 2.1% of surveyed farmers","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","replanted crops after flooding subsided - 22.2% of surveyed farmers ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","built diversion ditches to remove water from fields - 16.8% of surveyed farmers","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," stopped farming the land that was flooded - 9.4 % of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","changed crop type - 8.4% of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Climate change generally","Other (please specify)","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","increased use of intercropping - 22.5% of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Climate change generally","Other (please specify)","Impacts on agricultural production and food security"," built a communal granary or food storage system to store crops - 18.8% of surveyed farmers ","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Climate change generally","Other (please specify)","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","diversified production system by incorporating trees - 13.1% of surveyed farmers ","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"Climate change generally","Other (please specify)","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","implemented soil and water conservation practices - 11.2% of surveyed farmers","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"water scarcity","Drought","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","built a water-harvesting system for livestock ","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Harvey et al., 2014","Journal","Madagascar",null,"water scarcity","Drought","Impacts on agricultural production and food security","built a water-harvesting system for domestic consumption","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Lasco et al., 2013","Journal","Mozambique",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation effort (with adatpation benefits)","carbon forestry scheme which promotes almost exclusively agroforestry systems has helped increase household income was generally increased and reduce off farm labor requirements","Natural resource use","ongoing","N/A","N/A","None mentioned","None suspected","could boost agribiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Adoption of new crop varieties","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Crop association or mixing cropping","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Agricultural calendar adjustment","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Draft oxen are used to make large hillocks and large farms.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Land conversion - could mean destruction of natural habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Re-sowing is undertaken after the lack of rain, or if the sun has burnt out the germinated nuts.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Much higher amount of rice seeds are used during sowing.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Small hillocks of yams are made to improve rainwater infiltration in the hillocks, and trees are grown in the field","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","use of agroforestry could improve agribiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Deep wells are built to provide water.","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","River water is increasingly used to water crops.","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","could increase disturbance of riparian ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","The bovines (Bos taurus indicus) receive drinking water 3 times a day instead of once because of the lack of grass.","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Instead of barbed iron which is recommended, certain stockbreeders use wood to build their enclosure.","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","More sanitary treatments for animals done when the financial means allow it.","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Yam, cassava, and millet are consumed less, and more maize is eaten.","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","In the past, when it did not rain, the farmers worshipped the spirits.","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests"," To prevent logging of trees, the chief of the village of Kouniguékaha has put up a fetish object to frighten people","Other, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Could help to protect forest",null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Find new farming lands","Livelihood location, Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Land conversion - could mean destruction of natural habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Creation of cooperative for better market access","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Produce charcoal to buy inputs","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Local","deforestation",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Soil fertilization","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","possible impacts of nutrient runoff on nearby ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Sell fertilizer to solve household problem","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","A safe distance is kept between plants to prevent the wind from uprooting banana trees.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Large holes are made for the seedbeds to facilitate water retention.","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","The seedbeds are watered using the pumps in the village.","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Cassava is becoming the more basic crop because it is more suitable to the new climatic conditions.","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Reducing farm size","Crop practices, Livelihood location","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","could facilitate expansion of natural areas",null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Animals in pens","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi ","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Firewalls","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","No solutions","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Funding certain product by selling others","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Borrow money to buy input","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Group of mutual aid","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Cleaning by hand","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Farming activities quickly completed","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Comoé et al., 2014","Journal","Cote ivoire","Toumodi and Korhogo","shift in seasons, and change in duration of seasons (rainy season comes late), warming temperatures and changing wind patterns","Changes in timing of seasons, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for farming, new pests","Sanitary treatment of farms and livestock","Disease/pest mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Togo",null,"Insufficient water","Other (please specify)","Water scarcity","rehabilitation of water reservoirs in the savannah region for the benefit of women and youth groups, in addition to boosting the cereal and vegetable production of the entire community","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Togo",null,"Insufficient water","Other (please specify)","Water scarcity","rehabilitated water reservoirs allowed for diversification of crops, boosting resilience to crop failure","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Uganda",null,"Climate change generally (specific hazards not provided)",null,"Impacts on agriculture","Agroforestry- involving planting of 31,272 seedlings","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","increase in agribiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Uganda",null,"crop raiding by wild animals","Other (please specify)","Impacts on agriculture"," buffer crops such as chilis","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Uganda",null,"Climate change generally (specific hazards not provided)",null,"Impacts on agriculture","conservation agriculture","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","could reduce impacts of nutrient runoff/pesticides on nearby ecosystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Uganda",null,"Climate change generally (specific hazards not provided)",null,"Impacts on agriculture","diversification into lifestock rearing","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso",null,"Erosion and runoff, and insufficient water","Erosion/landslides","poor agricultural yields","digging small planting pits called zaï on barren, degraded land and filling them with organic matter, adding nutrients to the soil where they sow their crops",null,"Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","an increase in the number and diversity of on-farm trees.2 The manure that farmers use in the planting pits contains seeds of trees and bushes that were eaten by the livestock",null,"Rebecca"]
["Munang, 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso",null,"Erosion and runoff, and insufficient water","Erosion/landslides","poor agricultural yields","constructing stone lines (called contour bunds) on their farmland to slow down water runoff, prevent erosion, and assist in recharging the groundwater","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","trees grow along the bunds",null,"Rebecca"]
["Gherardi et al., 2014","Journal","Global",null,"Climate Change globally","Other (please specify)","Impact on biodiversity","efforts to translocate species and create cooridors to help species adapt","Other","Expected","N/A","International","could inadvertantly facilitate spread of invasive species if not done carefully",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Gherardi et al., 2014","Journal","Global",null,"Changing rainfall patterns affecting availabiltiy of water","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity","creation of reservoirs as an adaptation to climate change","Water mgmt","Expected","N/A","International","could inadvertantly facilitate spread of invasive species",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Prabhakar et al., 2014","Journal","South Africa","Jeppes Reef","Not specified","Other (please specify)","impacts to water access","creation of  community tap water supply","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Prabhakar et al., 2014","Journal","Morocco",null,"not specified","Other (please specify)","impacts on water availability","irrigation authority of Morocco induced high water price in surface water to discourage wasting of water","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Abimbola, 2014","part of conference proceedings","Nigeria","Lagos","Flooding, coastal erosion (mainly due to other man-made efforts to alter the harbor, but also compounded by climate change)","Erosion/Landslides, Flooding","inundation of parts of the city, decreased space for growing population","Eko Atlantic City is currently being built on a 10 million square meters of sand-filled land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean  and accompanying  Great Wall of Lagos, a barrier of concrete armoured blocks (revetment) along the 8-kilometer outer edge of the city (Lagos state government\nand developers portray project as climate adaptation)\n","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","Began in ","Local","Has shifted erosion to neigbhoring coastal areas, and loss of marine organisms, particularly  lancelets",null,null,"big impacts on nearby coastal communities","Rebecca"]
["Sanneh et al. 2014","Journal","Kenya","Southern region (Area occupied by the Maasai people)","Unspecified","Other (please specify)","Impacts on livestock viability","Supplementing or replacement of livestock herding with farming","Livelihood type, Livestock mgmt, Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local to regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia.","Rebecca"]
["Sanneh et al. 2014","Journal","Nigeria","Kano","Unspecified","Other (please specify)","Impacts on livelihood","Creating peri-urban vegetable gardens","Crop practices, Land conversion, Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected","Increased urban biodiversity","Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia.","Rebecca"]
["Sanneh et al. 2014","Journal","Cameroon","Northern Cameroon","Unspecified","Other (please specify)","Impacts on livestock viability","Fulbe herders have increased the number of of bos taurus herds displacements among pasture areas","Livestock mgmt","Happened (possibly ongoing)","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia., Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia.","Rebecca"]
["Sanneh et al. 2014","Journal","Cameroon","Northern Cameroon","Unspecified","Other (please specify)","Impacts on livestock viability","Fulbe herders resorted to long-distance migration","Migration","Happened (possibly ongoing)","N/A","National","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia., Not the focus of the study. Sutdy focuses on the Gambia.","Rebecca"]
["Klaiber, 2014","Journal","Sub-Saharan Africa",null,"Not specified","Other (please specify)","Dispraportionate impact of climate on agriculture, resulting in migration from rural to urban areas. As more people flood urban markets, wages drop resulting in disparities between countries. More internaitonal migration follows",null,"Migration","Ongoing","N/A","regional and international","Not specified","Possible land conversion, destruction of habitat as people settle in new places, urbanization",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hertel & Lobell, 2014","Journal","Mali",null,"Various; not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","Farmers receive forecasts at seasonal, 10-day and 3-day scales","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","national","not specified","None suspected",null,"farmers participating in this program have significantly higher yields and incomes than non-participants","Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced access to clean water and sanitation","Construction of boreholes and pumps to provide drinking water","Water mgmt, Infrastructure development","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"These plans are not purely in reponse to climate change although climate impacts are among the issues such planning seeks to address. The articles makes the point that in developing countries development often overlaps with climate adaptation/resilience. The Ethiopian government's approach to reducing climate vulnerability is to boost economic productivity. ","Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Flooding, increased rainfall","Loss of livestock and crops resulting in food insecurity, Loss of life/negative impacts on health, Damage to household/Loss of household assets, proliferation of disease in both humans and livestock, forestalling or destruction of economic activities, Transportation disruptions","Relocation of dispersed, transient villages from flood plain areas to newly constructed, fixed-location sites at higher elevations","Crop practices, Migration, Livelihood location, Infrastructure dev, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Construction of roads leading to habitat destruction and fragementation",null,null,"These plans are not purely in reponse to climate change although climate impacts are among the issues such planning seeks to address. The articles makes the point that in developing countries development often overlaps with climate adaptation/resilience. The Ethiopian government's approach to reducing climate vulnerability is to boost economic productivity. ","Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Flooding, increased rainfall","Loss of livestock and crops resulting in food insecurity, Loss of life/negative impacts on health, Damage to household/Loss of household assets, proliferation of disease in both humans and livestock, forestalling or destruction of economic activities, Transportation disruptions and other damage to infrastructure","Relocation of dispersed, transient villages from flood plain areas to newly constructed, fixed-location sites at higher elevations","Crop practices, Migration, Livelihood location, Infrastructure dev, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Deforestation resulting from harvesting of construction materials",null,null,"These plans are not purely in reponse to climate change although climate impacts are among the issues such planning seeks to address. The articles makes the point that in developing countries development often overlaps with climate adaptation/resilience. The Ethiopian government's approach to reducing climate vulnerability is to boost economic productivity. ","Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Flooding, increased rainfall","Loss of livestock and crops resulting in food insecurity, Loss of life/negative impacts on health, Damage to household/Loss of household assets, proliferation of disease in both humans and livestock, forestalling or destruction of economic activities, Transportation disruptions","Relocation of dispersed, transient villages from flood plain areas to newly constructed, fixed-location sites at higher elevations","Crop practices, Migration, Livelihood location, Infrastructure dev, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","\"Grazing land, forests,\nand wet-season\nhighlands are changing\nin character (becoming\nlarge agricultural\nplots)\"",null,null,"These plans are not purely in reponse to climate change although climate impacts are among the issues such planning seeks to address. The articles makes the point that in developing countries development often overlaps with climate adaptation/resilience. The Ethiopian government's approach to reducing climate vulnerability is to boost economic productivity. ","Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of life","Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. ","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of livestock","Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. ","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Drought, Flooding","Loss of crops resulting in food insecurity","Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. , Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. ","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major floods","Drought, Flooding","Damage to household/Lloss of household assets","Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. ","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Major drought","Drought","Crop water stress, ","Pastoralists traditionally practice floodplain recessional agriculture (they move between high and low farming/grazing lands depending on river flows. This is not a new thing. Has been used traditionally to deal with regular climate variability. Becoming more difficult with more extreme weather events as a result of climate change. ","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Milman & Arsano, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Gambella","Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Stunted crop growth, Increase in pests, insufficient water for drinking, farming and livestock",null,null,"Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"These plans are not purely in reponse to climate change although climate impacts are among the issues such planning seeks to address. The articles makes the point that in developing countries development often overlaps with climate adaptation/resilience. The Ethiopian government's approach to reducing climate vulnerability is to boost economic productivity. ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Economic migration and remittances","Migration, livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible habitat disturbance",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, erratic rainfall","Drought"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Livestock ownership (purchasing of livestock as a form of 'drought-insurance' (livestock population continues to rise in the region despite limited resources)","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Habitat disturbance/loss of vegetation as a result of livestock foraging",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Purchase fodder","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Wood-cutting and selling","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Deforestation/destruction of habitat",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Settlement (pastoralists)","Livelihood type, Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible conversion of land ",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Transhumance: change routes or itineraries","Livelihood location, Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible degradation of previously undisturbed land",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Extend agriculture (into pastoral areas)","Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Soil degradation","loss of natural ecosystems/species",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Payment for watera","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Cut and store pasture","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","reduces nutrient cycling in the soil",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Shepherding for livestock owners","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Collect/sell farming residues","Crop practices, natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","reduces nutrient cycling in the soil",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought","Drought"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Market gardening (enclosing ponds); has unintended impact of blocking off livestock from water sources","Land conversion, Natural habitat encroachment, Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Along with blocking livestock, such pond enclosure farming may also prevent water access by wildlife. Also may destroy wetland ecosystems.",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Reliance on humanitarian aid","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Transport water to pasture-rich areas","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Possible disturbance to wetland habitats",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Contract herders to fertilize fields","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought","Drought"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Change to drought-tolerant production","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified",null,null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Small commerce of purchased goods","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Soil and water management techniques","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought","Drought"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Loan during drought","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Snorek et al., 2014","Journal","Niger","Tahoua","Drought, Flooding, erratic rainfall","Drought, Flooding, Increased rainfall"," producing losses to soil quality, biodiversity and forest cover in some areas. Reduced yield such that farmers require more land for the same amount of agricultural output. Grain shortages and livestock death.  ","Livestock theft","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","Not specified","None suspected",null,"There are also social/political factors at play, in addition to climate ","Rebecca"]
["Chong, 2014","Journal","Tanzania","Pangani River Basin","Not specified, although it is mentioned that actions will ensure water supply and quality, so impacts likely include reduced rainfall, drought, etc. ","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Other (please specify)",null,"Integrated water resources and catchment management approaches","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","Not specified","None supsected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Chong, 2014","Journal","Nigeria","Northeastern region","Drought","Drought","Insufficient water for agriculture","Construction of dams to provide irrigation","Infrastructure dev, Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","Negative impacts on downstream wetland ecosystems",null,null,"\nthe  Hadejia–Nguru  wetlands  and  natural  flooding were restored in order ameliorate the \nmaladaptive  impacts of the dams","Rebecca"]
["Archer et al., 2014","Journal","South Africa","Durban","not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","CBA project in which local households\ngrow native tree seedlings in exchange for credit notes","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected","Possible increase/improvement in urban habitat",null,"Rebecca"]
["Maiti et al., 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Dassanech \nand   Nyangatom, South Omo zone","Flood","Flooding","Impacts on livestock","Pastoralists began keeping   camels   within   their \nherd\n","Livestock mgmt","Happened","Following 2006 flood","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Elahee, 2014","Journal","Mauritius",null,"Heat waves/hotter days","Heat waves/hotter days","Uncomfortable temperatures in urban areas (exacerbated by heat island effect)","Increased installation/use of AC","Other","Happened","between 2003 and 2013","National","Not specified - adaptation activities meant to aid habitat and species in adapting to climate change, Not suspected - adaptation activities meant to aid habitat and species in adapting to climate change","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Egypt",null,"Fewer days of rainfall ","Decreased rainfall","insufficient water for irrigation of potatoes, wheat, and rice - leading to reduced yields","Not specified",null,"Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","N/A",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Egypt",null,"No specified climate change specified","Other (please specify)","rising costs of seeds and other agricultural inputs, which may be related in part to climatic conditions.","Not specified",null,"Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","N/A",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria",null,"Drought is reducing water for irrigation","Drought","income from cereals and vegetables is not enough to feed a household","Not specified",null,"Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","N/A",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Yemen","Hudaydah"," warm weather and increasing heat waves","Heat waves/Hotter days","Electricity that allows for cooling functions\nonly two to three hours per day, causing residents to lose sleep during the evening due to\nexcessive heat","Residents sleep during the day because of exhaustion, but with fewer\ndaytime hours dedicated to work and income generation","Other","Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Yemen","Hudaydah","No specified climate change specified","Other (please specify)","Unfavorable crop prices - in part due to gov policy/corruption, but also in part due to to poorer quality of crops due to changing weather patterns","Unfavorable crop prices have led growers to shift from cultivating food crops to qat which is more profitable but requires a great deal of water","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","local","increased pressure on freshwater",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Egypt","Dakhalia","chronic drought","Drought"," lack of water due to chronic drought has resulted in a failure to be able to cultivate rice","people migrated from their\nrural homes in the countryside","Migration","Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Morocco","Casablanca","Drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","lack of income from agriculture due to crop failure","Selling assets to secure income","Other","Happened","N/A","local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria","Algiers","Drought","Drought","Lack of rainfall resulted in poor crops and lack, subsequently, lack of income","Migration to Algiers","Migration","Happened","1992-1999","local","Not specified","Unknown",null,"drought=secondary reason. Primary reason for relocation was terrorism","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Lost income, lost crops, lost livestock or fewer fish caught","Selling livestock","Livestock mgmt","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"40.61 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Lost income, lost crops, lost livestock or fewer fish caught","Selling Assets","Other","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Not suspected",null,"46.79 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Lost income, lost crops, lost livestock or fewer fish caught","Withdrawing children from school in order for them to work and support the household","Livelihood type","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Not suspected",null,"36.42 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Lost income, lost crops, lost livestock or fewer fish caught","Using savings","Other","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Not suspected",null,"60.55 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Lost income, lost crops, lost livestock or fewer fish caught","Asking for a loan","Other","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Not suspected",null,"46.21 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Egypt","Dakhalia","more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Insufficient income","refusing suitors for daughter because the parent cannot afford for her to get married","Other","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Other (please specify)","Insufficient income","shifting food consumption habits (such as eating less chicken or beef or eating one less meal)","Other","Happened or expected to happen","N/A","Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Receiving remittances to supplement income","Other","Ongoing",null,"Regional","Not specified","Not suspected",null,"varies by country and income level","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Change in production technology such as land preparation, sowing or weeding","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"19.35 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - changing crop choices, increasing crop variety, or adopting drought or flood resistant crops","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"15.53 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - changing the percentage composition of crops versus livestock","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"8.89 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - More fertilizers/ pesticides","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Increased nutrient runoff/pesticides affecting local biodiversity",null,"21.12 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Seeking non-farm work","Livelihood type","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"22.67 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - receiving occupational training for non-farm work\nnon-farm employment","Livelihood type","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"15.09 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Increased use of stored water ","Water mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"20.54 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Increased consumption of stored grains/ products","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"28.37 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"Chronic drought, more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days"," Many respondents said that they migrated from their rural\nhomes because chronic droughts caused a decline in agricultural productivity. However, other drivers include lack of food, water, and income for basic needs, education, and employment. ","Household level - People moving out ","Migration","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"40.29 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - People moving in ","Migration","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","increased strain on natural resources/land",null,"13.99 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Conflict over land, livestock","Livestock mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"12.85 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Household level - Conflict over water","Livestock mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"8.35 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - Planting trees and soil protection ","Natural resource use","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected","possible improvement in habitat","19.06 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - building banks on rivers,\nstreams or small check banks to reduce flooding","Water mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","possible habitat destruction/disturbance",null,"11.41 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - establishing boreholes, wells, irrigation, roads","Infrastructure dev","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","possible habitat destruction/disturbance",null,"10.19 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - gathering and disseminating information on measures to\nreduce the loss of crops, income or livestock","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"7.9 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - Preparation for future disasters ","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"10.15 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized - Market access for products ","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"10.47 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Community organized -  taking action to purchase seeds, animals, and farm equipment","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"14.58 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs - Establishing boreholes, wells, irrigation, roads ","Infrastructure dev","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","possible habitat destruction/disturbance",null,"14.98 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs - Seeds, fertilizers, or fodder for livestock ","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"13.35 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Storage facility for crops ","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"10.41 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Cash or food for work programs","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"9.93 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Cash for food during floods and droughts ","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"10.08 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Provision of drinking water ","Water mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"24.67 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Provision of skills training programs","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"6.65 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Provision of credit during crop loss ","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"11.98% of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs -Improved access to markets, transport ","Other","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"10.33 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Wodon et al., 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Government programs - Price support prices when agricultural prices are low","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","not suspected",null,"10.10 % of respondents (varies by country and income level)","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Change in time of planting ","Crop practices","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2013","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Change in water source ","Water mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2014","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","More time to gather water","Water mgmt","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2015","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Collecting more firewood","Natural resource use","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Possible increase in degradation of habitat",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2016","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","More time to collect firewood","Natural resource use","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Unknown",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2017","Rebecca"]
["Adoho and Wodon, 2014","Journal","Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen",null,"more erratic rain, higher temperatures, less rain, dryer and less fertile land and more frequent droughts","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","losses in incomes, crops, and livestock","Terracing the land","Land conversion","Happened or expected to happen",null,"Regional","Not specified","Possible disturbance to habitats",null,"Other data in article is a repeat of Wodon et al., 2018","Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Addis Ababa","Not specified","Not specified","Not specified","40 % of the city area has been allocated for green development, including extending the number of public parks and urban forests, improving conditions for urban agriculture, public tree plantings and buffer zones along the 75 rivers in the city","Land conversion, Water mgmt","Planned","N/A","City","Not specified","None suspected","Increased urban biodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso","Ouagadougou","Drought, Desertification and Flooding","Drought, Flooding","Not specified","A project to improve the infrastructure of the urban forest and national park ‘‘Bangr-weogo.\"  The urban forest, together with the green belt around the urban area of Ouagadougou and some sacred woods and green spaces, can boost resilience to increasing risks of drought, desertification\nand flooding","Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","City","Not specified","None suspected","Increased urban biodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Ethiopia","Addis Ababa","Intensive rainfall and flooding","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Not specified - likely impacts involve destruction of homes/infrastructure and sanitation issues caused by flooding","Informal area rehabilitation - legalization of a portion of the 80,000 to\n100,000 informal housing units.  This process has allowed inhabitants in the informal sector to be able to improve their housing situation to withstand the direct impacts of climate change (intensive rainfall and flooding) ","Land conversion","Happaned","N/A","City","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Senegal","St. Louis","Not directly specified - likely hazards include sea level rise, flooding","Flooding, Sea level rise","lack of sanitation and drainage","Some of these areas are being upgraded with drainage and raised roads based on sponsoring from the EU or other development agencies","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","City","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Tanzania","Dar es Salaam","Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified - likely impacts involve destruction of homes/infrastructure and sanitation issues caused by flooding"," ‘Citywide Strategy for Upgrading Unplanned and Unserviced Settlements in Dar es Salaam’ is in the process of being developed, including provision of new building plots, increased density, access to safe drinking water; access to adequate sanitation; roads, drainage, and solid waste collection ","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","City","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Jorgensen et al., 2014","Journal","Burkina Faso","Ouagadougou","Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified - likely impacts involve destruction of homes/infrastructure and sanitation issues caused by flooding","The completion by the state of a moderately priced housing\narea in an informal area for the middle social strata has taken place outside the city","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","City","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Symons, 2014","Journal","Kenya",null,"Mitigation","Other (please specify)","Mitigation ","PISCES Nyallenda slum bioethanol project-involved encouraging selected households in one of Kenya’s most deprived areas to use locally produced bioethanol in place of burning charcoal which is associated with deforestation.","Other","Happened",2012,null,"Not specified","None suspected","Reduced deforestion",null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","crop diversification","Crop practices","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","mixed cropping patterns","Crop practices","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","tree planting for providing fodder and shade/shelter for crops","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","Unknown","Increased on farm habitat for birds, insects, etc",null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","water-conservation measures","Water mgmt","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","irrigation","Water mgmt","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","N/A","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased water scarcity (in part, due to increased extraction)","changing to drought-\ntolerant species or early-maturing crops","Crop practices","Already happened","2007 study","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of crop and fodder yields, but differs from farm to\nfarm. Risks of outbreak of diseases and\npests among humans, crops and livestock\nDifficult to plan farming and decreased\nfodder availability for livestock","50% of farmers (who rely for\ntheir livelihoods on tea and coffee production) do nothing when weather gets dry","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of crop and fodder yields, but differs from farm to\nfarm. Risks of outbreak of diseases and\npests among humans, crops and livestock\nDifficult to plan farming and decreased\nfodder availability for livestock","When crops fail, farmers rely on income from growing exotic tree species such as Grevillea robusta L. and Eucalyptus (90% of farmers with an adaptation strategy), particularly on sloping land","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","During the dry season, the farmers feed\ntheir animals with commercial feeds and with grasses\nwhich they ‘cut and carry’ from neighbouring areas\n(referred as zero grazing by farmers).","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Harvesting of grasses from other locations could degrade habitat/natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","use of drought-resistant or early-maturing crop varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","water tanks","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","drip-irrigation techniques","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","seasonal adjustment of farming practices","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","constructing food storage facilities","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","selling cattle and tree products","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","using savings and off-farm employment","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","government enforcement approaches have been applied in Embu since 2000\nto remove blue gum eucalyptus species, which are considered\nto be too water-demanding. While this was aimed at reducing water scarcity at the landscape level, it caused substantial loss of household income\nand of insurance against seasons of crop failure ","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Since 2000","Local","Not specified","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hoang et al., 2014","Journal","Kenya","Kithunguriri and Muthatari watersheds, Eastern region","Increased temperatures, decreased rainfall/drought, and changes in timing of seasons. In the past, rain started in early March. The rainfall was stronger and more continuous over the year.’ ‘Now, rain starts in late March. The rainfall is weaker and the dry season is clearer.’","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Climatic changes are (together with increased water extraction) contributing to drying of the Kapingazi River. Drought leads to reduction of  fodder availability and crop yields","Indigenous trees are considered to be more appropriate\nfor watershed protection, but due to the low\neconomic returns, farmers still do not plant these as\nwidely as exotic species. To promote indigenous species,\nrecommendations were made to enhance marketing of\ntheir products, together with extension services, provision\nof incentives, increasing access to germplasm and policy\nsupport.","Crop practices","Recommended","N/A","Local","Not specified","Not suspected","Promotion of native tree species could enhance local biodiversity ",null,"Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change",null,null,"Crop diversification - 24% of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected",null,"Study also looks at factors determining whether households adapt","Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Impacts on agriculture"," Soil conservation - 10% of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Impacts on agriculture","Application of irrigation - 8% of surveyed farmers","Water mgmt","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Impacts on agriculture"," Planting trees - 6% of surveyed farmers","Natural resource use","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected","Possible habitat improvement/reduced reliance on forest resources",null,"Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Impacts on agriculture","Change in planting date - 5% of surveyed farmers","Crop practices","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014","Journal","Ethiopia"," Hintalo Wajirat, Enderta\nand Kilte Awelaelo districts","The results of the survey showed that almost 78 % of the surveyed farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 69 % of them perceived a decrease in rainfall over the past 20 years, while on average 17 % did not perceive any change","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Impacts on agriculture","No adaptation - 47% of surveyed farmers","Other","Happened/Ongoing","N/A","Household","Not specified","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding","negative impacts on crop production","Changing crop variety","Crop practices","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rates of adaptation in Garissa are much lower than other areas","Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","Changing planting dates","Crop practices","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","Changing crop type","Crop practices","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","planting trees","Other","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected","Creation of habitat",null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","reducing number of livestock","Livestock mgmt","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","diversifying, changing or suppplementing livestock feeds","Livestock mgmt","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","changing fertilizer application","Crop practices","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","soil and water conservation practices","Water mgmt","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","do nothing","Other","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","many farmers interested in irrigation/water harvesting but few have actually implemented these practices","Water mgmt","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Bryan et al., 2013","Journal","Kenya","Garissa, Mbeere South, Njoro, Mukurwe-ini, Othaya, Gem, Siaya","Majority of respondents reported increased temperature, decreased precipitation, more erratic rainfall, and rains coming later, flooding in some districts","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crop production","interest among farmers in capacity building programs (ex: education and technical training) to facilitate transitions to alternative livlihoods","Livelihood type","Happened or Desired","N/A","District","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","Recovery of associated gas from oil wells (95% in 2020)","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation"," The widespread use of gas in oil refineries","Other","Happened or currently happening","95% by 2020","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","The widespread use of natural gas for domestic","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","The renewal of power plants by introducing the combined cycle","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","Development of hybrid plants (natural gas-solar)","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","The development of the use of LPG and CNG as vehicle fuel","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","The reduction of gas flaring in energy industries","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","Introduction of energy efficiency in buildings","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","Solar energy development","Other","Happened or currently happening","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","Construction of 20,000 high energy performance apartments b7 2020","Other","Ongoing ","by 2020","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","development of solar water heater - 100,000 m^2 for the individual and 50,000 m^2 for the collective to 2020","Other","Ongoing ",null,"National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","spread of low consumption lamps: disturbtion of 10 million lamps to 2015 and 35 million to 2020","Other","Ongoing","by 2020","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","labeling and promotion of household electircal equipment with low energy consumption","Other","Ongoing",null,"National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% (Figures 5, 6) with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm impacting availability of groundwater and water stored in dams","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","Mitigation","progressive development fo solar cooling","Other","Ongoing",null,"National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","desertification and decreased water availability affecting agriculture and water availavle for ","reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural adaption to climate","Water mgmt","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected","less pressure on frewhater availability for wildlife",null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","water economy","Water mgmt","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected","less pressure on frewhater availability for wildlife",null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","adaptation agricultural calendars to climate change","Crop practices","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","selection of varieties and seeds adapted to the arid climate","Crop practices","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources"," Strengthening local participation in planning, implementation and monitoring of actions relating to mitigation and adaptation to climate","Other","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","Implementation of the monitoring mechanism and early warning extreme weather","Other","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources"," Adaptation of the institutional and regulatory framework and implementation program of fight against climate-sensitive diseases","Disease/pest mgmt","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","Integration of climate change in development studies and impact hazards and environmental audits and energy ","Other","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","Adaptation of climate change in the fight against desertification and land degradation","Other","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","None suspected","Possible improvement/protection of habitat",null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","Enhanced protection against extreme rainfall events","Water mgmt","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","Adaptation of urban and interurban public transport","Infrastructure dev","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sahnoune et al., 2013","Journal","Algeria",null,"IPCC scenarios applied to Algeria for the period 1990-2020 forecast growth of the average temperature of 0.8°C to 1.1°C, and reduced precipitation 10% with an increase in the sea level of 5 to 10 cm","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Sea level rise","decrease of water mobilized in dams and\ngroundwater impacting agriculture and water resources","desalination ","Water mgmt","Planned (as of 2013)","N/A","National","Not mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","impacts on crops resulting in food insecurity","rural-urban migration","Migration","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","potential increase in urban sprawl - degradation of peripheral land around urban areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","decline of forest resources","change in livelihood systems (less food from forest) so people decrease number of meals eaten per day, though they are sometimes supplements by NGO aid","Livelihood type","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","impacts on crops resulting in food insecurity","reduced area upon which maize and sorghum is planted","Crop practices, Land conversion","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","impacts on crops resulting in food insecurity","cultivation of the drought resistant sorghum crop","Crop practices","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","impacts on crops resulting in food insecurity","diversifying into horticultural crops like vegetables, beans, pumpkins, potatoes and peas to augment the nutritional value of their food intake","Crop practices","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","impacts on crops resulting in food insecurity","for families that own livestock, sell part of their herd in order to buy grain for family consumption","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013",null,"Lesotho",null,"Floods","Floods","Floods, leading to soil erosion and leaching of the soil nutrients","grazing lands were being converted into fields","Land conversion","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","potential loss of grazing habitat for wildlife",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of seasons","Impacts on agricultural systems","allocating farm labour across the season in ways that follow unpredictable intra-season rainfall variations","Crop practices","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of seasons","Impacts on agricultural systems","make use of biodiversity in cultivated crops and wild plants","Crop practices","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase in agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Matarira et al., 2013","Journal","Lesotho",null,"unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of seasons","Impacts on agricultural systems","increasingly integrating livestock into their farming systems","Livelihood type","Ongoing or happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase in agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Planting of cover crops","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Mulching","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields - reduced soil fertility and increased pests","Mixed cropping","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields - erosion, decreased soil fertility","Movement to different site","Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","possible destruction of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Planting of early maturing yam seed","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields - reduced soil fertility","Crop rotation","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Application of farm yard manure","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Increased/ Reduced land size cultivated","Livelihood location, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","possible destruction of habitat if cultivated land is increased",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Change in planting periods","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Diversification into non-farm activities","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields - increased disease","Treatment of yam seed with fungicide","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Planting of trees","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","increase on-farm habitat for birds, insects, etc",null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Planting of minisetts","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields","Minimum tillage","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oluwasusi, 2013","Journal","Nigeria","Ekiti State","hotter temperatures, water shortage, changing seasonality including delayed rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on yam yields - increased pests","Fertilizer and pesticide","Crop practices, Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","impacts of nutrient runoff/pesticides on natural ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Teka et al., 2013","Journal","Benin","Coastal area","Drought, increased temperatures, abnormal rainfall, increased flooding","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding","decreased agricultural production","use of more resistant crop varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Teka et al., 2013","Journal","Benin","Coastal area","Drought, increased temperatures, abnormal rainfall, increased flooding","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding","decreased agricultural production","the cultivation of various crops combination","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Teka et al., 2013","Journal","Benin","Coastal area","Drought, increased temperatures, abnormal rainfall, increased flooding","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding","decreased agricultural production","the variation of agricultural calendar","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Teka et al., 2013","Journal","Benin","Coastal area","Drought, increased temperatures, abnormal rainfall, increased flooding","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding","decreased agricultural production","use of irrigation and draining systems","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","mixing long cycle crops and short cycle crops on their farms","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","continuous planting","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","changing time of planting depending on when rains come","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","rain harvesting into manually dug water pans - irrigation from water pans","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","seed preservation using local innovative techniques e.g. wood ash and use of expired batteries","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","negative impacts on crops ","making shallow basins around every crop","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","insufficient pasture for livestock","crop residues used as livestock feeds","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","insufficient pasture for livestock","grass growing for sale during droughts","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Decreasing Rainfall, unpredictable rainfalls, breaks in rainy seasons early rains late rain","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of seasons","Insufficent water for livestock","livestock watering from water pans","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Warmer temperatures = increased evapotranspiration","Heat waves/hotter days","crops/soil drying out","Mulching to reduce loss of water from soils","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Warmer temperatures = increased evapotranspiration","Heat waves/hotter days","crops/soil drying out","Shifting from crop production to livestock keeping","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased wind","Changes in wind","crops falling over","Intercropping maize, beans, potatoes; growing castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) (locally referred to as mbariki) around the farm/plot","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","loss of crops","conservation agriculture","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","loss of crops","use of certified seeds","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","loss of crops","planting in shallow trenches","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","loss of crops","relocating to river banks to access river water for irrigation","Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Could increase risk of hwc, degrade riparian habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","loss of crops","cultivation of commercial horticultural crops (tomatoes, peas, cabbages)","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","impacts on livestock","Migrating with livestock to forests ","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","degradation of forests/forest wildlife",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","impacts on livestock","Sale of livestock ","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","Increased frequency of drought","Drought","impacts on livestock","Buy feed for livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased frosts","Cold spells/Frost","loss of crops","Planting frost resistant crops","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased frosts","Cold spells/Frost","loss of crops","Planting Ricinus communi around the farm/plot Planting frost resistant","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased crop pests, disease","Other (please specify)","livestock disease","Seek agricultural extension services","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased crop pests, disease","Other (please specify)","loss of crops","use local knowledge such as wood ash to destroy pests","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased livestock pests, disease","Other (please specify)","impacts on livestock health","Seek veterinary services","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ogalleh et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Laikipia District","increased livestock pests, disease","Other (please specify)","impacts on livestock health","some farmers used a hot rod to burn the swollen nodes on the animal","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","did nothing","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","sold livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","sold assets","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","borrowed from friends or relatives","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","borrowed from the bank","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","received food aid","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","sought off-farm employment","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","bought food","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","ate less","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","ate different foods","Other","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","Mix crop and livestock production","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","Destocking","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","Diversify/changes/supplement livestock feeds","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","Change animal breeds","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Silvestri et al, 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and erratic rainfall","Drought","decline in crop yield, livestcok mortality, resultant food insecurity","Move animals to another site","Livestock mgmt, Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/a","National","None mentioned","potential degradation of land",null,"respoonses vary depending on the agroecological zone","Rebecca"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Journal","Malawi"," Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa district","Increased drought frequency","Drought","Crop failure","Increased planting of drought tolerant crops and early-yielding varieties ( including pearl millet, followed by sorghum)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Journal","Malawi"," Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa district","Increased drought frequency","Drought","Crop failure","Maize is mainly grown under irrigated agriculture","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Journal","Malawi"," Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa district","Mixed (mainly increased temperature and reduced rainfall)","Other (please specify)","Crop failure","The prevailing\nclimate has forced people to grow pearl millet","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Journal","Malawi"," Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa district","Mixed (mainly increased temperature and reduced rainfall)","Other (please specify)","Crop failure","People are shifting from traditional farming practices such as flat cultivation to planting on plain and tie ridges, use of manure, planting one seed per station, using sunken beds in irrigation (for water conservation and reducing irrigation frequency), frequent spraying against pests in cotton which is expensive and labour demanding, short duration crop varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","impacts of increased pesticide use on biodiversity",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Journal","Malawi"," Chagaka Village, Chikhwawa district","Mixed (mainly increased temperature and reduced rainfall)","Other (please specify)","Crop failure","there is more diversity of livestock reared today compared to the past to risk reduction and income diversification. In the village, there are more goats and poultry than cattle. It was established that due to water shortage and pasture, goats are more resilient and adaptable than cattle. The common types of livestock in order of priority are goats, cattle, pigs and poultry.","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Cultivate new improved varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Use local hardy crop varieties with low yields","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Substitute herbicides for labour","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced agrochemical inputs",null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Move from palm oil to maize and sweet potatoes (small scale farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Diversified crops—pineapple, pawpaw, mango,  maize, banana, etc. (commercial farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Cultivate around rivers for good soil moisture (small scale farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","Possible impacts on riparian and river habitats",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Acquire River basins for irrigation (commercial farmers)","Water mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","Water extraction",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Mulching and use of plastic sheets to prevent\nevaporation","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Diversify into Livestock rearing","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Yaro 2013","Journal","Ghana","\"from a coastal savannah zone community called Gomoa-Akotsi and commercial farmers in the forest zone community of Nsawam\"","Mixed - Increased temperatures + altered rainfall patterns + altered wind patterns + droughts + floods","Other (please specify)","Reduced crop viability","Engage in non-farm activities (unspecified)","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Pre-2009 - ongoing","Individual - local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Reduced crop viability","When rain starts late, farmers tend to grow early maturing varieties but if the timing of rain is early or normal, local late maturing varieties are preferred as they have a yield advantage","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Reduced crop viability","In response to crop failure after early planting, 70 % of farmers in the CRV and 99 % in Kobo replant an early maturing variety of the same crop (Fig. 5). If the rainfall is not yet adequate after replanting, the crop type is often changed to teff, which is considered as an ‘‘emergency’’ crop.","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Reduced crop viability","Farmers also adjust some agronomic practices such as planting density, fertilizer rates, and frequency of tillage to maximize utilization of the scarce water resource in low rainfall seasons","Crop practices","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Loss of fodder for livestock","to minimize the risk of livestock production: the use of alternative feed sources (e.g., feeding tree branches)","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","Possible damage to trees",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Loss of fodder for livestock","to minimize the risk of livestock production: conservation of fodder","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Loss of fodder for livestock","to minimize the risk of livestock production: collection and use of crop residues","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Loss of fodder for livestock","to minimize the risk of livestock production: reduction of the herd.","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced effects of overgrazing","This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Less reliable rain patterns","Changes in timing of season","Loss of fodder for livestock","In the CRV 48 % and in Kobo 65 % of respondents indicate that seasonal migration of livestock to pastoral areas is another strategy to cope with feed shortage in low rainfall seasons","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Journal","Ethiopia","Adamitulu Jido Kombolcha and Dugda districts","Mixed - increased temperatures + decreased/more variable rainfall","Other (please specify)","Safety net in case of  agricultural failure","Temporary migration ((Fig. 5). Mainly male members migrate to nearby urban and other rural areas during the off-season (dry season) for  employment opportunities, mostly in the construction sector as well as in the recently emerging large-scale horticulture and floriculture sector, particularly in the CRV. Some household members, mainly young and single women without children, migrate to nearby countries (e.g., Sudan, Dubai, and Saudi Arabia) to earn remittances).","Migration","Ongoing","Pre-2010 onwards","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper contains several 'water mgmt strategies, but it is not clear if these are responses or just normal practices","Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Pockets of rain in the dry season","Increased rainfall","Opportunity = Rapid growth of some plants such as banana, plantain, cocoyam and cassava","Extending their cultivation over a wider area","Crop practices","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Encroachment of agriculture on natural lands",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Decreased rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Drying of some swamps = Positive impact on the production of off-season corn, with a shift from one to two cycles of annual production","Expand corn production","Crop practices","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Encroachment of agriculture on natural lands",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Changing seasons (unspecified)","Changes in timing of season","\"Affect most livelihoods activities\"","\"Planting more trees\"","Other","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Provision of tree habitats",null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Changing seasons (unspecified)","Changes in timing of season","\"Affect most livelihoods activities\"","\"Reduce deforestation and forest degradation\"","Other","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Protection of forest habitats",null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Cassava tuber rot","Seeking improved seeds","Crop practices","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Torrential rains in the rainy season","Increased rainfall","Cassava tuber rot","Relocating fields","Crop practices","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Encroachment of agriculture on natural lands",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Decreased rainfall","Rapid dry up of peanuts and corn","Seeking tolerant seed varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Pockets of drought in the rainy season","Decreased rainfall","Withdrawal of wild game during pockets of severe drought","Training in raising domestic livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Effects of livestock rearing (e.g. Overgrazing)",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","High winds","Changes in wind","Loss of branches of multipurpose trees such as Jansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) and andok (Irvingia spp.)","Keeping trees around important species as windbreaks","Other","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Provision of tree habitats",null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Fewer edible caterpillars and mushrooms","Planting caterpillar host plant species around homes","Other","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Unknown","Provision of host plants for wild species",null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","Decrease in fish stocks","Promoting livestock raising techniques","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Effects of livestock rearing (e.g. Overgrazing)",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Bele et al 2013","Journal","Cameroon","two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively","Intense and longer heat spells in the dry season","Heat waves/Hotter days","\"anidmal morbidity\" unspecified","Promoting livestock raising techniques","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","Unspecified (pre-2009 - ongoing)","Local","None mentioned","Effects of livestock rearing (e.g. Overgrazing)",null,null,"Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Changing planting dates (Maize, rice, sesame and peanut)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zimbabwe","Gutu district, Masvingo province + Chirumhanzu district, Midlands province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Changing planting dates (Maize, sorghum and millet)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zimbabwe","Gutu district, Masvingo province + Chirumhanzu district, Midlands province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting in new locations/ expanding land under cultivation","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","\"In Zimbabwe and in Mozambique, farmers have been extending their fields to ecologically sensitive areas including waterways, water channels and wetland areas in search of better soil moisture in case of drought.\"",null,null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting in new locations/ expanding land under cultivation","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","\"In Zimbabwe and in Mozambique, farmers have been extending their fields to ecologically sensitive areas including waterways, water channels and wetland areas in search of better soil moisture in case of drought.\"",null,null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","South Africa","Overberg region, Western Cape province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting in new locations/ expanding land under cultivation","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Intercropping","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Intercropping","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting different crops (Unspecified)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zimbabwe","Gutu district, Masvingo province + Chirumhanzu district, Midlands province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting different crops (\"Drought-tolerant small grains, such as sorghum and pearl millet, are also being adopted in Zimbabwe.)","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zambia","Lusu East Agricultural camp, Sesheke district + Sinazeze Agricultural camp, Sinazongwe district + Kasaya Agricultural camp, Kazangula district","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Planting different crops (\"While it was traditionally only planted in the south, cassava is increasingly widespread in Zambia as it is drought-tolerant compared with most cereal crops, notably maize.\")","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","South Africa","Overberg region, Western Cape province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Using early maturing varieties/ different varieties of seed (\"In South Africa, the introduction of new seed varieties has increased yields. Possibly, the most widely adopted example in the region of a new cereal variety is that of korog (triticale). Korog combines the high yield potential and good grain quality of wheat with disease and environmental tolerance (including soil conditions) of rye. Korog is used as a rotational crop which is hardier and more drought-resistant than traditional crop varieties. Farmers note that it handles all extremes (drought, flood and wind) better than traditional varietals. Some have also noted that it has the added advantage that it can be used for production of biofuels, although this practise is not widespread in the region, based on responses recorded. Planting of korog is an example of a specific response to\nclimate stimuli and has been added to the mix of cereal crops used by all farmers in the region.\")","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Using early maturing varieties/ different varieties of seed","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Using early maturing varieties/ different varieties of seed","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zambia","Lusu East Agricultural camp, Sesheke district + Sinazeze Agricultural camp, Sinazongwe district + Kasaya Agricultural camp, Kazangula district","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Using early maturing varieties/ different varieties of seed (\"In Zambia, most local maize and sorghum varieties take about five months (150 days) to mature and yet the rain seasons are often shorter than this. Farmers have now resorted to cultivation of drought-tolerant and early maturing improved crop varieties, especially maize (which matures within three to four months as opposed to four to five months), sorghum (Kuyuma and Sima) and cowpeas (Bubebe and Lutembwe).\")","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Water management (In Malawi, some small-scale farmers are engaging in micro-irrigation activities in their fields where they cultivate vegetables (in the dry season), and sugarcane.","Water mgmt","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Conservation farming","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown","Reduced soil erosion, and provision of microhabitats","This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","South Africa","Overberg region, Western Cape province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Conservation farming","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown","Reduced soil erosion, and provision of microhabitats","This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zimbabwe","Gutu district, Masvingo province + Chirumhanzu district, Midlands province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Conservation farming","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown","Reduced soil erosion, and provision of microhabitats","This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zambia","Lusu East Agricultural camp, Sesheke district + Sinazeze Agricultural camp, Sinazongwe district + Kasaya Agricultural camp, Kazangula district","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","New cultivation practices, for example, dry planting (\"In Zambia, dry planting using cultivation practices such as dry ripping using an ox-drawn plough or ripper, hand hoe tillage and also planting basins (Twomlow & Hove, 2006) are now being widely practiced to ensure that most crops can be planted with the first rains (early November) rather than having to wait for the rains to soften the ground first.\")","Crop practices","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Reforestation (\"In Malawi, there is widespread understanding that human activity is contributing to the challenging farming environment that they are now experiencing. Some farmers reported that there have been reforestation projects, especially by the big tea estates, and smallholder farmers have also been planting trees in their fields to improve the micro-climate of the area and to protect against soil degradation.\")","Other","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Habitat provision","This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Mozambique","Meconta, Namiala and Monapo, Nampula province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Diversification","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Malawi","Balaka, Mulaje and Thyolo districts","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Diversification","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","South Africa","Overberg region, Western Cape province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Diversification (\"In South Africa, a variety of small businesses had been established, including bed-and-breakfast accommodation, restaurants, farm stalls and small art galleries In particular, the management of these tourism-related diversification activities is often undertaken by women.\")","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zimbabwe","Gutu district, Masvingo province + Chirumhanzu district, Midlands province","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Diversification","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Journal","Zambia","Lusu East Agricultural camp, Sesheke district + Sinazeze Agricultural camp, Sinazongwe district + Kasaya Agricultural camp, Kazangula district","Increased variability of rainfall + increased temperatures","Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in timing of seasons","Reduced viability of current agricultural practices","Diversification (\"In Zambia, trading in agricultural commodities is common, as is micro-enterprise development, with one farmer describing his pathway into tailoring.\")","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"This paper may be good for write-up as lots of clear examples. Have saved in \"important papers\" folder.","Jamie"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Copperbelt, Luapula, western and southern provinces","drought and floods, more frequent hot days","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on farming - crop loss","During extreme climate events, small-scale farmers rely more heavily on access to alternative natural resources from forest for things like charcoal burning wild food and mungongo seed harvesting and selling, and craft making","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","habitat loss/disturbance from charcoal gathering and other NTFP gathering",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Copperbelt, Luapula, western and southern provinces","drought and floods, more frequent hot days","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on farming - crop loss","food rationing","Other","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Copperbelt, Luapula, western and southern provinces","drought and floods, more frequent hot days","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on farming - crop loss","trading household commodities for food","Other","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Copperbelt, Luapula, western and southern provinces","drought and floods, more frequent hot days","Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on farming - crop loss","deforestation","Land conversion","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","habitat loss from deforestation",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Mali","Sikasso and San","increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, heat waves, desertification and irregular rainfall","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","negative impacts on agriculture","development of “local conventions”, whereby various communities within a region agree on issues regarding the control, access and management of a specific forest to manage use during food scarcity","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","prevents the overuse of certain natural resources",null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Mali","Sikasso and San","increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, heat waves, desertification and irregular rainfall","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","negative impacts on agriculture","selling of firewood during lean periods. Marchés Ruraux\ndu Boiswhere communities are allowed to sell a certain amount of\nfirewood but must also let the forest regenerate at the same time","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","habitat loss/disturbance from firewood gathering and other NTFP gathering","firewood sale restrictions help to prevent overuse/degradation of forests",null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Mali","Sikasso and San","increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, heat waves, desertification and irregular rainfall","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","negative impacts on agriculture","Activities related to NTFP such as the selling of shea nuts or the extraction of shea butter by women","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","possible degradation of forests",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Mali","Sikasso and San","increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, heat waves, desertification and irregular rainfall","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","negative impacts on agriculture","planting of trees to protect the soil from drying out","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","could create habitat for birds/insects, etc.","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Mali","Sikasso and San","increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, heat waves, desertification and irregular rainfall","Drought, Heat waves/hotter days","negative impacts on agriculture","diversification of agricultural products","Livelihood type","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Tanzania","Dodoma","rainy season did not come, drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on food security","humanitarian assistance","Other","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Tanzania","Dodoma","rainy season did not come, drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on food security","migration","Migration","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Tanzania","Dodoma","rainy season did not come, drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on food security","increasing charcoal production from forests","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","overuse - degradation of forests",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Tanzania","Dodoma","rainy season did not come, drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on food security","gathering food from forest","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","habitat loss/disturbance from firewood gathering and other NTFP gathering",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Robledo et al., 2012","Journal","Tanzania","Dodoma","rainy season did not come, drought","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on food security","pilot project promoting more efficient and eco-friendly charcoal ","Natural resource use","Ongoing","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Chazanga neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"Water shortages","water shortages due to power failures could be mitigated by acquiring a generator;","Energy source","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Chazanga neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"Water shortages","Obtain alternative water sources/dig deeper boreholes","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Chazanga neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"flash floods are likely to damage\nboreholes, kiosks, septic tanks and pit latrines, and the poor drainage at\nkiosks would be exacerbated","To protect infrastructure from\nheavy rainfall, the soil needs to be stabilized with buffer strips and erosion\ncontrol measures","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","Would reduce ecological impacts resulting from large quantities of contaminated runoff",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Chazanga neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"flash floods are likely to damage\nboreholes, kiosks, septic tanks and pit latrines, and the poor drainage at\nkiosks would be exacerbated"," drainage standards for soakaways need to be improved. This will reduce surface runoff and prevent it building up into\nhigh energy torrents that undermine kiosks and damage pipes","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","Would reduce ecological impacts resulting from large quantities of contaminated runoff",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Kanyama neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"main risk is  latrines\nbeing inundated by floodwater and overflowing","should work with the council and utility to develop the drains and\nclear them of rocks and debris","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Kanyama neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"contaminates\nwater supplies (particularly the shallow wells used in the areas unserved by\nthe kiosks) and affects livelihoods, education and health.  Flooded latrines\nand contaminated water increase the risk of cholera and diarrhoea. ","assistance with emptying and raising latrines","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","Would reduce ecological impacts resulting from large quantities of contaminated runoff",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Kanyama neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"contaminates\nwater supplies (particularly the shallow wells used in the areas unserved by\nthe kiosks) and affects livelihoods, education and health.  Flooded latrines\nand contaminated water increase the risk of cholera and diarrhoea. "," in the longer term installing decentralized sewerage","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Kanyama neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"contaminates\nwater supplies (particularly the shallow wells used in the areas unserved by\nthe kiosks) and affects livelihoods, education and health.  Flooded latrines\nand contaminated water increase the risk of cholera and diarrhoea. "," To improve drainage, the local water utility\n(Lusaka Water and Sewage Company) needs to provide technical support\nand assist in mobilizing finance, while the council needs to establish better\nplanning and zoning legislation","Other","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Zambia","Kanyama neighborhood in Lusaka","The mean temperature is predicted to increase. Total rainfall and rainfall intensity are expected to increase in summer and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, principally droughts and floods, are expected to increase.",null,"contaminates\nwater supplies (particularly the shallow wells used in the areas unserved by\nthe kiosks) and affects livelihoods, education and health.  Flooded latrines\nand contaminated water increase the risk of cholera and diarrhoea. "," to improve the health of the\ncommunity, the water kiosk network needs to be expanded to ensure that\nevery household is close enough to a water kiosk so that they can access\nsafe water during floods","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Impacts on lake levels could cause water scarcity for much of the time","The private network operator needs to ensure\naffordable and accessible water by maintaining low prices at the kiosks","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Impacts on lake levels could cause water scarcity for much of the time","should support catchment management processes,","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","Would possibly reduce ecological impacts resulting from large quantities of contaminated runoff and protect catchment ecosystem",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flash flooding"," ensure well heads are\nproperly sealed","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flash flooding","provide education about flood-proof latrines -  These would\nbe pits that are sealed so that they cannot become flooded with groundwater,\nand raised above ground level so that they cannot be inundated by surface\nwater","Other","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flash flooding","The water utility (Naivawass) needs to adapt its system to better cope\nwith flash floods, especially its sewage treatment plant, which becomes\noverloaded with stormwater during rain events (although this plant only\nserves a small proportion of the population)","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","Would possibly reduce ecological impacts resulting from large quantities of contaminated outlfow ",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Naivasha","Mean temperature is predicted to increase with a greater frequency of “hot” days and nights and very few “cold” days or nights. Rainfall is anticipated to decrease in volume, increase in intensity and become increasingly irregular (observable in recent years). Extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity and occur in new locations. ","Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flash flooding","The council needs to maintain and develop drains and terraces and plant trees in the upper catchment area.","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","tree planting could support catchment ecosystem health",null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities","water providers should monitor water quality and chlorinate,","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities","Water providers should provide education on flood proofing latrines","Other","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities","The water utility (JIRAMA) should undertake a programme of leak detection and pipe maintenance, and reduce illegal connections to minimize contamination of the water\nsupply and improve the hydrostatic pressure.","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities"," The water treatment system also\nrequires additional stages to cope with the high sediment load in the\ninlet water during floods.","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities"," The municipality needs to focus on clearing the\ndrains and helping the other organizations responsible for drainage","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities","should also improve solid waste management and sanitation in order to\nreduce dumping in drains.","Other","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Heath et al., 2012","Journal","Madagascar","Antananarivo","increase in total rainfall is likely to increase runoff and raise river levels, while increases in rainfall intensity are likely to cause more intense flooding from the river and the drains","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Increased flooding threatens health and disrupts lives within these communities"," It is also important that the municipality stop people from\nsettling on flood-prone areas","Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","Municipality","None mentioned","Unknown","will likelt prevent conversion and disturbance of wetland ecosystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Sonwa et al., 2012","Journal","Cameroon",null,"IPCC projects increased malaria outbreaks and other diseases due to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa","Other (please specify)","Higher disease in humans","Demand for medicinal plants is expected to rise as a result of more disease - people are expected, as a result, to harvest these plants more frequently or more intensively, and to likely enter protected areas in search of them","Disease/pest mgmt","Expected","N/A","National","Degradation of forest ecosystems, even in protected areas",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sonwa et al., 2012","Journal","Cameroon",null,"Rainfall variability and extremes of weather conditions","Other (please specify)","Impact on water resources and agriculture","lowland exploitation for agriculture mainly during drying season","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","Not specified","Possible disturbance to wetland ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sonwa et al., 2012","Journal","Cameroon",null,"Depletion of fuel wood (due to climate changes and overexploitation) - increased temperatures expose forests to wildfire","Heat waves/hotter days, Wildfires, Other (please specify)","If there is less fuel for cooking, consumption of uncooked food or food not properly cooked is most likely to increase. This may result in a considerable increase in disease incidence as parasites may persist (health sector).","energy services through electrification (increased hydropower production) can increase refrigeration which indirectly can allow good storage of food and medical products","Energy source","Recommended","N/A","National","Not specified","Construction of hydropower could disturb local ecosystem ","Provision of alternative energy could lessen impacts on forests associated with collection of fuelwood",null,"Rebecca"]
["Claessens et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Machakos","increased temperature without adequate rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Reduction in yields","introduction of an improved maize variety or a low yielding DPSP in the cropping system","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Claessens et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya","Vihiga","increased temperature without adequate\nrainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Reduced milk production in livestock","average yielding DPSP together with improved feed and/or livestock\nbreeds that can produce 100% of the base milk","Livestock mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Claessens et al., 2012","Journal","Kenya",null,"increased temperature without adequate\nrainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","Decreased yields","Drought and heat tolerant varieties of sweet potato as well as\ndual-purpose varieties (roots for food and vines for livestock feed)\nare currently being promoted in Kenya","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Traditional methods to maintain resilience: barley is used instead of wheat because barley needs less water and ripens faster, which increases the capability of resistance against water deficit","Crop practices","Happaned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Traditional methods to maintain resilience: Late planting of lentils makes best use of available water after late rains, recognizing shorter temporal fluctuations in rainfall","Crop practices","Happaned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Traditional methods to maintain resilience in arid climate: An additional buffer is built up by stockpiling grain in good years","Crop practices","Happaned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Promotes agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","extended use of surface irrigation systems","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","increased pressure on freshwater ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Traditional methods to maintain resilience in arid climate: Irrigated fields are additionally surrounded by trees such as apple, walnut, almond, olives, and date palms to use the percolating water efficiently","Crop practices","Happaned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Changing to commercial pastoralism characterized by increased herd sizes,\ntrading of animals for supplementary fodder, employing additional\nherders, and using trucks to move herds to adequate pastures","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","commercial pastoralism promotes degradation of rangelands\nif destocking during droughts is insufficient and high stocking\nrates of local and non-local herds coincide.",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","Moroccan government to install solar power plants (reduces reliance on firewood, which supports surrounding vegetation and buffering capacity)","Energy source","Planned","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown","Can reduce pressure on natural vegetation",null,"Rebecca"]
["Schilling et al., 2012","Journal","Morocco",null,"Drought, Decreased rainfall, Increasing temperatures","Drought, Heat waves/Hotter days, Decreased rainfall","water scarcity","area-based rainfall insurances can buffer income shocks during droughts","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Jones et al., 2012","Journal","Malawi",null,"increased variability and extremes of precipitation and temperature, necessitating actions to enhance resilience of farmers)","Heat waves/hotter days, Decreased rainfall","threat to crop yields","intercropping maize with a nitrogen fixing tree, Gliricidia sepium, Malawi farmers increased average yields fourfold, at minimal cost","Crop practices","Happaned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Increased agrobiodiversy",null,"Rebecca"]
["Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Journal","Mozambique","Cocorico","Flooding","Flooding","threat to life and livelihood","Traditional coping strategy: Houses are located on heights or constructed with grass and\nwood","Other","Ongoing (traidional method)","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Journal","Mozambique","Cocorico","Flooding","Flooding","threat to life and livelihood","Households in flood-prone Cocorico mainly invest in canoes, fishing nets, radios and poultry. Items that can be transported easily and help with relocation during floods. ","Other","Ongoing (traidional method)","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Journal","Mozambique","Cocorico","Flooding","Flooding","threat to life and livelihood","In polygamous marriages, locating one household near the river,\nand the other in a higher area to ensure that the entire\nhousehold has a secure place during floods","Other","Ongoing (traidional method)","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Journal","Mozambique","Cocorico","Flooding","Flooding","threat to life and livelihood","Forced evacuation of civilians, many of which resisted","Other","Happened",2007,"National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"Government mandated response strategies at odds with local priorities/customs","Rebecca"]
["Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Journal","Mozambique","Cocorico","Flooding","Flooding","threat to life and livelihood","Resettlement of evacuated civilians in modern settlements. Many people have tried to maintain their former way of life while taking advantage of some of the opportunities the resettlement program offered. AKA some people registered for a new settlement home while maintaining residence in the locations they previously inhabited. ","Other","Ongoing","2007 onward","National","None mentioned","Land conversion possibly affectign natural habitats",null,"Government mandated response strategies at odds with local priorities/customs","Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures; increase in extreme weather events","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on small farmers","diversification techniques within agriculture including planting different crops, differently located farm types, intercropping and animal husbandry, hunting and gathering, trade, migratory wage labour and a wide array of social institutions that enhance redistribution, reciprocity and solidarity in times of need","crop practices, livestock management, livelihood type","Happaned","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"Traditional methods of maintating resilience in case of climate variability","Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on small farmers","Permanent and seasonal migrations for labor","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on small farmers","adoption of new crop varieties including vegetables such as tomatoes, onions\nand peppers ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Inherently risky due to subsidized food imports from abroad","Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on small farmers","Types of millet or guinea corn that have a long growth period are substituted by other types that mature faster (Tonah 1993: 140). The same is true for local types of groundnuts, which are replaced by fast-growing varieties (Dietz et al. 2004:159).","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","declining soil fertility and low soil moisture","local farmers have in recent years adopted new techniques such as composting, the application of green manure from legumes and paddy rice cultivation","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","individual/substitence","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Laube et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Anayere and Atankwidi River catchments","farmers mentioned that within the last 20 years the number of years experiencing a belated onset of the rainy season which is expected to get later even more, become more erratic, and become higher intensity; also an increase in temperatures","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/hotter days","impacts on small farmers","Use of shallow ground irrigation","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","individual/substitence","Possible overexploitation of groundwater could affect environment if recharge is not sufficient",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Scheffran et al., 2012","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal and Mali","Sahel","Severe drought between 1960s and 1990s - 40% decline in annual rainfall during this time","Drought, Decreased rainfall","availability of fresh water was drastically reduced, impacts to rain-fed agriculture and livestock","Sharp increase in emigration since the 1970s to cities and across the borders, to European and Gulf countries. Many migrants have formed organizations such as AFUB, to support communties that remain in their home countries. ","Migration","Happened","Since the 1970s","Regional","None mentioned",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Scheffran et al., 2012","Journal","Mauritania","Bouanze village, Guidimakha","Drought","Drought","water shortage ","During 2004-2006, a well supplying drinking water to individuals and institutions (mosque, hospital and dispensary) was constructed by AFUB","Water mgmt","Happaned","2004-2006","Local",null,null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Scheffran et al., 2012","Journal","Mauritania","Bouanze village, Guidimakha","Impacts on local livelihoods+C2777:D2778","Drought","water shortage ","Migrant-based organization AFUB running an agricultural co-operative for\nwomen. The irrigated land produces fruits and vegetables during\nthe dry season, so these products do not have to be imported","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local",null,null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Chhetri et al., 2012","Journal","Sahel countries",null,"Drought","Drought","impacts on crops","development of early maturing cowpea cultivars with different phenological traits","Crop practices","Happaned",null,"Regional","None mentioned","none suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Chhetri et al., 2012","Journal","Zimbabwe",null,"frequent recurrence of droughts","Drought"," has made agricultural production difficult when traditional crop varieties are grown","farmers have switched to more drought-tolerant crops","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","none suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Chhetri et al., 2012","Journal","Ethiopia","Highlands","Erosion/runoff","Erosion/landslides","impacts on farming","farmers have improvised the traditional zai pits (i.e. small\nwater harvesting pits), common in dryland region of Sahel, to arrest\nrunoff and sediments during the rainy season.","Crop practices, Water mgmt","happaned",null,"local","None mentioned","none suspected","zaï pits were found to increase the diversity of useful plants,","effective strategy - The zai pits alone, and in combination with nitrogen (N) inputs, have increased potato and bean yields by 250% and 500% respectively. In another study, zaï pits were found to increase the diversity of useful plants, increase production of both\ncereal grain and straw yield by over tenfold, and significantly increase biomass production after two years, all without significantly altering the properties of the soil","Rebecca"]
["Tambo and Abdoulaye, 2012","Journal","Nigeria","Borno State","Increased drought","Drought","Negative impacts on yields","Use of drought-tolerant maize varieties (used by 58% of 200 farmer households surveyed) ","Crop practices","Ongoing","As of 2012","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Access to extension workers and suffiecient income important factors in adoption","Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","increasing westerly wind which creates stronger tidal influence, but this is also related to river mouth closure","Changes in wind","decrease in arable land and the increase in groundwater salinity","Change to salt resistant grass","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","increasing westerly wind which creates stronger tidal influence, but this is also related to river mouth closure","Changes in wind","decrease in arable land and the increase in groundwater salinity","Shorten plants lifespand so root does not reach salty ground-water","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","increasing westerly wind which creates stronger tidal influence, but this is also related to river mouth closure","Changes in wind","decrease in arable land and the increase in groundwater salinity","Aquaculture","Livelihood type","Planned","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Depends. Could degrade natural coastal ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Closure of river mouth caused by flood sediment, but also irrigation causing decreased river flow","Flooding","Increased salt water intrusion and bank erosion","hiring a bulldozer to remove sand from the river mouth, allowing some of the more saline water to escape, but this comes at the farmers’ own expense.","Other","Happaned","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","limitation on water use affecting agriculture","Diversify business ventures","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2013","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","limitation on water use affecting agriculture","Wheat no longer being grown","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","limitation on water use affecting agriculture","Negotiations with government to increase water rights","Water mgmt","Planned ","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","limitation on water use affecting agriculture","More storage capacity","Water mgmt",null,"N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","Limited river water restricts amount of irrigation. Farmer can't expand his plot","would need to implement additional water conservation methods and\ndifferent irrigation techniques","Water mgmt","Planned ","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected","Could reduce pressure on freshwater ecosystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","Regional water shortage associated with drought/declining rainfall","Drought, Decreased rainfall","impacts on agricultural production","additional dam building for increased rainwater storage, although this is restricted by the responsible government department","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Could disrupt riparian/wetland ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","The decrease in frost for at least the last 10 years has led to proliferation of ticks, compounded by restrictions on veld burning associated with increased number of game farms nearby","Heat waves/Hotter days","loss of cattle associated with increase in ticks","increasing dipping frequency at greater expense","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012","Journal","South Africa","Little Brak River","The decrease in frost for at least the last 10 years has led to proliferation of ticks, compounded by restrictions on veld burning associated with increased number of game farms nearby","Heat waves/Hotter days","loss of cattle associated with increase in ticks","diversification of pesticides to decrease the chance of pests building up resistance","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","possible impacts to non-target organisms (ex; bees)",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming"," reduction in the number and quantity of food consumed","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming","eating of cassava","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming","engagement in casual work","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming","selling of livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming","using of their savings","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n","Journal","Malawi","Central province","Drought","Drought","Impacts on farming","usage of improved soybean and cowpea variety","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale & Oladele, 2012","Journal","Nigeria",null,"persistent droughts, flooding, off-season rains and dry spells","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","decreased cocoa yields due to dessication and  increase in black pod disease","engaging in diversification","Crop practices","Ongong","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Oyekale & Oladele, 2012","Journal","Nigeria",null,"persistent droughts, flooding, off-season rains and dry spells","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","decreased cocoa yields due to dessication and  increase in black pod disease","weather monitoring","Other","Ongong","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More access/support needed to expand this","Rebecca"]
["Oyekale & Oladele, 2012","Journal","Nigeria",null,"persistent droughts, flooding, off-season rains and dry spells","Drought, Flooding, Changes in timing of seasons","decreased cocoa yields due to dessication and  increase in black pod disease"," adequate cocoa spraying","Crop practices","Ongong","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"More government provision of fungicides suggested","Rebecca"]
["Tabi et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Hohoe District","high variability and decreasing amount of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Impacts on rice farming","change in timing of planting (81% of surveyed farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspaced",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Tabi et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Hohoe District","high variability and decreasing amount of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Impacts on rice farming","Use of fertilizers (70% of surveyed farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Depending on use, could increase nutrient runoff/impact wetland ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Tabi et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Hohoe District","high variability and decreasing amount of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Impacts on rice farming","Change in choice of variety (65% of surveyed farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspaced",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Tabi et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Hohoe District","high variability and decreasing amount of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Impacts on rice farming","Use herbices (62% of surveyed farmers)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Tabi et al., 2012","Journal","Ghana","Hohoe District","high variability and decreasing amount of rainfall","Decreased rainfall","Impacts on rice farming","Water management control practice (43% of surveyed farmers)","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Individual","None mentioned","None suspaced",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Kuenzer and Renaud, 2012","Journal","Egypt","Nile River","predicted sea level rise of 50 cm to 1 m until the end of the century","Sea level rise","Inundation of densely populated areas","displacement of 6–10 Mio people","Migration","Expected","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Likely to lead to clearing of forests/natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","mortgaging household assets","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","selling assets","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","using past savings","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture"," withdrawing children from school","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","sending children to live elsewhere","Migration","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","migration","Migration","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","Could lead to land clearing/degradation in natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","formal and informal borrowing","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","reducing consumption","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","reliance on help from relatives, friends and local governments","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","more wage employment,","Livelihood type","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture"," changing crop choices to avoid bad weather","Crop practices","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","improving technology,","Other","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture"," working as self employed","Livelihood type","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hisali et al., 2011","Journal","Uganda",null,"drought, floods, pest attack, and livestock epidemics","Droughts, Flooding","Impacts on agriculture","increasing agriculture labour supply","Crop practices","Happened","2005/2006 survey","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","Crop diversification and germplasm improvement including adopting high-yielding short duration rice and maize varieties;","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","potential increase in agribiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes"," exploring approaches to improve potato yields in the short-term,","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","providing incentives for intensifying agroforestry practices including planting of trees around ponds (Moringa), Live fencing (citrus,\njatropha, Zizuphus, Acacia) and interplanting species in\nfallow or grazing lands\n(for fire wood)","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Potential increase in agribiodiversity (increased habitat for birds, insects, etc.)",null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","exploring the feasibility of eventually finding alternatives to white potato in the cropping system (ex: sesame), and intercropping","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","implementing practices to improve crop establishment for maize and rice as a drought avoidance","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes"," installing rock lines to reduce runoff and erosion","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","potential decrease in nutrient runoff and subsequent impacts on wetland ecosystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","introducing contour ridge tillage; ","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","potential decrease in nutrient runoff and subsequent impacts on wetland ecosystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","encouraging the retention of crop residues;","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","facilitate acess to credit for installation of a small water gate for water impoundment ","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso",null,"Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days",null,"further promotion of an existing crop storage program recently implemented called CSV (credit stockage villageois) that provides credit that allows for storing of rice for several months until market prices have increased, well after harvest","Crop practices","Happened ","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","extend the CSV (credit stockage villageois) that provides credit that allows for crop storage beyond rice to include other\nregionally important crops","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","Facilitate access to credit for fertilizer - Access to fertilizer through CSV to install fertilizer\ndealers or stockists, or arrange “pay-at-harvest.”","Infrastructure dev, Crop practices, Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Ebi et al., 2011","Journal","Mali","Zignasso","according to farmers the weather has been getting\nwarmer and drier, with more year-to-year variability","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Moisture stress for rice has increased, and there have been  decreasing yields of other crops, particularly potatoes","get more information to the farmers for decision support. More accurate weather forecasts and improvement of access to seasonal forecasts, particularly the start of the rainy season, were considered important by both farmers and representatives of regional technical services.","Other","Suggested","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community","41.7% said they build sand barriers to adapt to the gradual sea level rise. Thus, they dig sand from the coastal area and form mould barriers with stones to protect their structures.","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","Possible disturbance to coastal ecosystems",null,"barriers have largely been ineffective","Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community","some have received items like rice,\ncanned fish and bowls from the government as compensation to the damages caused by the flood water.","Other","Happened","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community","50.8% of those surveyed said they will evacuate from the area, ","Migration","Expected","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","possible disturbance to natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community","32.5% of those surveyed said they will move to safer grounds in the same area","Livelihood location","Expected","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","possible disturbance to natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community"," sea defense","Infrastructure dev","Expected","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","possible disturbance to natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Addo et al., 2011","Journal","Ghana","s Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise","Coastal inundation caused by sea level rise, storm surge and rainfall","Sea level rise, Storms, Increased rainfall","Inundation of coastal community","mould concrete building ","Infrastructure dev","Expected","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,","Sahel","Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","adoption of specific varieties of crops to cope with Sahelian conditions","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","agricultural diversifcation ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","supports agribiodiversity","climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","selling of animals"," Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","precautionary savings (Households can insure themselves by building up assets in ‘good’ years, to use these stocks in ‘bad’ years) and informal group-based risk sharing","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","earn additional income in times of hardship, through reallocation of labor, including renting out manpower to bigger farms, outmigration of especially the young skilled male household members, earning income from collecting wild foods (also for own consumption), gathering activities (such as increased firewood collection), etc","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","alternative sources of income such as collecting firewood and wildfoods can contribute to habitat degradation",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","current crossborder migratory process in case of worsening conditions","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Can lead to land clearing/intensive use of previously undisturbed land",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","water management and irrigation","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","reduced pressure on freshwater sources","climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","desertification control","Other","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","could help maintain biodiversity in semi-arid areas","climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","development of alternative sources of energy","Energy source","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","could reduce degradation resulting from firewood collection","climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","could reduce soil degradation/desertification","climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Sissoko et al., 2011","Journal","Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,",null,"Declining average rainfallm, increased frequency/prolonged drought and increasing temperatures, which means higher evapotranspiration rates","Drought, Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","negative impacts on agricultural yields resulting in loss of income for farming households","food aid programs","Other","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"climate impacts on soil fertility/desertification compounded by poor agricultural practices","Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Decreased and unpredictable rainfall, and dry spells","Decreased rainfall, Drought","impacts on growing crops","reduce investment or even to stop cropping and focus on livestock management","Livelihood type, Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Decreased and unpredictable rainfall, and dry spells","Decreased rainfall, Drought","grazing has declines - gras is thinner and more easily destroyed","increase number of livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","could lead to overgrazing of pasture",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007",null,null,null,"Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","impacts on welfare of household (e.g. hunger)","store fodder","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","Take smallstock to river area or other villages","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","Could disturb riparian ecosystems if grazing is intensive",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","buy short-maturing crop varieties and winter maize","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","sell animals","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","start business","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","get work","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt"," rely on relatives/government","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","go to church","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Mantsie, Lehurutshe District","Little rain, Breaks in and shortening of the rainy season","Decreased rainfall, Drought, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, loss of seeds/animal fodder, debt","steal","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","impacts on welfare ofr household (e.g. hunger)","grind maize stalks as feed","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","may reduce pressure on natural pasture land",null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","impacts on welfare ofr household (e.g. hunger)","people have gained access to land beyond the village in order to exploit the local spatial variability of rainfall or gain access to alternative water resources","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","could cause destruction of natural areas/depletion of natural resources",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","impacts on welfare ofr household (e.g. hunger)","use resistant maize","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","impacts on welfare ofr household (e.g. hunger)","plant late-maturing fruit trees","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","loss of seeds/fodder, dryland","use irrigated land","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","loss of seeds/fodder, dryland","cut fodder/wild plants","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","Could degrade natural habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","gardening projects (ex: community gardens, irrigated by hand)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","new business","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","sell livestock","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","get work","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","plant winter crops/ late-maturing fruit trees","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","breed indigenous species (ex: indigenous, drought-resistant livestock breeds)","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","rely on relatives/government","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","village meetings","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","Khomele, Dzanani District","Less rain, Period of no rain, Unpredictable, Rain out of season, Late rain","Decreased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","loss of crops/livestock die, more pests, soil unproductive, changes in vegetaton species","go to church","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","store fodder","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","build cattle shelter","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","declining rainfall at the end of the growing season","Decreased rainfall","impacts on crops","introduced short-maturing varieties of maize","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","sell livestock/goods","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","find work","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","rely on relatives","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","apply for government grant for vegetable project","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","village meetings","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","go to church","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","Changing seasons, Hail, Drought, Frost, Heavy rain, Snow","Changes in timing of season, Drought, Cold spells/Frost, Increased rainfall","loss of crops/animal feed, unproductive soils, no cash-crops, animals die, lack money for transport/seeds)","ask extension officer for information","Other","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thomas et al., 2007","Journal","South Africa","eMcitsheni, uThekula District","more intense and earlier rainfall events","Increased rainfall, Changes in timing of season","soil erosion","building stone bunds to reduce soil erosion which was perceived to have increased in the last 5 years","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Walmsley, 2011","Journal","South Africa","Johannesburg","Mitigation ","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","Team lifts at the Hilton Sandton have signs that exhort their employees to walk up one and down two flights of stairs instead of using the lifts","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","in the driest areas: prayer","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","in the driest areas: increased food purchase ","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","in the driest areas: migration","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Could lead to degradation of natural areas",null,null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","In the medium dry areas: livelihood diversification","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","In the medium dry areas: reforestation","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Could create new habitat",null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","In the wetter parts of the Sahel: improve agriculture by fertilization","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"rebecca"]
["Mertz et al., 2011","Journal","Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"rainfall is generally viewed as having decreased whereas wind speeds and duration of strong winds as well as temperatures are seen to have increased",null,"impacts on agriculture","In the wetter parts of the Sahel: soil and water conservation","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Could reduce pressure on freshwater resources/help to curb land degradation",null,"rebecca"]
["Lutz, 2011","Book chapter","Uganda",null,"Drought","Drought","Insufficient water","70% of water supplied to 782 small towns is groundwater piped via deep boreholes","Infrastructure dev, Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","National","Contributing to increasing water scarcity",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Lutz, 2011","Book chapter","Ghana",null,"Decreasing rainfall and increasing temperatures, which increased evapotranspiration","Decreased rainfall, Heat waves/Hotter days","Insufficient water for agriculture","a nationwide drive towards extracting groundwater resources for irrigation of vegetables throughout the year","Water mgmt, Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","National","Contributing to increasing water scarcity",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Madagascar",null,"General climate change (specific hazards not specified)","Other (please specify)","Impacts on fisheries","integrating climate change resilience into MPA design and management, and development of sound monitoring programs","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","began in 2008","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Supports biodiversity through sustainable use marine resources and monitoring","WWF project","Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Madagascar",null,"General climate change (specific hazards not specified)","Other (please specify)","Impacts on fisheries","developing marine biodiversity and MPA knowledge base for use as and educational tool","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","began in 2008","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Supports biodiversity through sustainable use marine resources and monitoring","WWF project","Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Madagascar",null,"General climate change (specific hazards not specified)","Other (please specify)","Impacts on fisheries","identification of feasible financing mechanisms","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","began in 2008","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Supports biodiversity through sustainable use marine resources and monitoring","WWF project","Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Madagascar",null,"General climate change (specific hazards not specified)","Other (please specify)","Impacts on fisheries","strengthening key stakeholder capacity - marine/coastal managers","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","began in 2008","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Supports biodiversity through sustainable use marine resources and monitoring","WWF project","Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Mozambique","Zambezi river","Flooding ","Flooding","communities affected by flooding","producing a high-quality, 26-episode radio drama with training for community radio journalists to convey information about disaster risk reduction and build local capacity for reporting disasters and climate change adaptation","Other","Happened","2009-2010","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mannke, 2011","Book chapter","Uganda",null,"General climate change (specific hazards not specified)","Other (please specify)","impacts on livelihoods in farming communities","improving food security of smallholder farmers through creating awareness about causes and effects of climate change within farming communities and schools, and to improve livelihoods. Project involved training of womrens groups to give standard performances to other communities for a small fee to help disseminate the inofrmation to other areas","Other","Happened",2010,"Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","impacts on agropastoral systems","re-introduction of traditional cereal crops like finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and vegetable varieties such as spider plant (Cleome gynandra), black nightshade (Solanum scabrum), amaranthus (Amaranthus blitum), pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata) and jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) due to drought tolerance","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","impacts on agropastoral systems","the community has recently adopted the cultivation of early-maturing crops such as cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","impacts on agropastoral systems","improved varieties of maize (Zea mays) developed by the Kenya Seed Company Limited and Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","impacts on agropastoral systems","Using the extension services provided by the crops department in the Ministry of Agriculture, the community has also shifted from cereal seed broadcasting, a traditional sowing technique, to planting crops in rows and the application of fertiliser","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","application of fertilizer, if not done correctly, could result in potentially harmful nutrient runoff",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","reducing the number of meals per capita per day","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","excluding adults from meals","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","rationing food intakes","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","reliance on food assistance","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","migration in search of pasture and water for livestock","Livelihood location","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","Could lead to degradation of natural areas/depletion of natural resources",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","in extreme situations, sale of livestock to purchase food commodities","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","During seasons of poor harvest, millet is stored in traditional granaries with the stalks to delay consumption and saving for extreme times of acute food shortage","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Recently, bee-keeping has been practised to produce honey, which is used to supplement vegetables and preserve meat","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Communities residing along perennial streams and rivers practice small-scale irrigation farming of vegetables and cereal crops. These farms are labour intensive and thus provide wage employment for communities living in the lower parts of the district, with the earnings used to meet household food need","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","Could disturb stream habitat directly or by reducing flow",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Intensify secondary occupation - Includes petty trading, family labour hire and basket making from wild plants, brewing local alcoholic drinks by women for sale as a major household task","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Support from kin and friends","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Borrow grain and money","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Eat wild fruit","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","Could deplete natural resources/disturb habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Sale of wood, charcoal, grass and handcrafts","Natural resource use, Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","Could deplete natural resources/disturb or degrad habitat, particularly forests",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Begging","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","Distress migration and family separation","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Keiyo district","Drought","Drought","Food insecurity","sale of household assets - dwelling house, household furniture, etc.","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Go entire day without a meal","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Limit portion at mealtime","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce number of meals per day","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Borrow food from friends or relatives","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Purchase/borrow food on credit","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Living off savings","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce social activities","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce expenditure on clothing","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce health expenses","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce education spending","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Children dropping out of school","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce pocket money for school children","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Gather unusual types or amounts of wild food/hunt","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","could deplete certain species",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Harvest immature crops (green maize, beans, peas)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Send household members to eat elsewhere","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Send household members to beg","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce adult consumption so children can eat","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Rely on casual labour for food","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Rely on less preferred foods as substitutes for staples","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","HH members regularly eat meals of vegetables only","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Reduce expenditure on agro and livestock inputs","Crop practices, Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Sell other HH assets for food","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Distress migration to find food or work","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","could lead to land clearing/degradation of previously undisturbed land",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Receive food aid from government or NGOs","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Early marriage","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Postponement of marriage","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Living with family (husband’s family","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting"," modern crop varieties such as cowpeas, green grams and watermelon are intercropped with traditional varieties such as sorghum and groundnut","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","could be beneficial for agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Most households supplement crop production systems by rearing goats for milk","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","goats can cause rapid land degradation",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","bee-keeping","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","millet was stored in traditional granaries with the stalks to delay consumption and save for use in times of acute food shortage","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","Use traditional ecological knowledge to alter planting dates, crop selection, etc. ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting"," along Kerio River, small-scale irrigation farming is practised with the use of fertilisers","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","Could disturb stream habitat directly or by reducing flow",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","re-introduction of traditional, drought-tolerant cereal crops such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and vegetable varieties such as spider plant (Cleome gynandra), black nightshade (Solanum scabrum), amaranth (Amaranthus blitum), pig weed (Amaranthus spp.), pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata) and jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius)","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","could support agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","a modern strategy that involves the cultivation of earlymaturing\ncrops such as cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and improved varieties of maize\n(Zea mays) is emerging","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Songok et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Nandi and Keiyo districts","shifts in the seasonality, duration, intensity, amount and onset of rainfall, prolonged inter-seasonal dry spells, shifts in sowing dates of crops","Changes in timing of season, Drought","affected food production by disrupting the timing of sowing, increasing inter and intra-seasonal dry spells, reducing seed germination rates at times, and additional economic costs associated with replanting","production of millet and sorghum (traditional crops) in particular has also shifted from seed broadcasting to row cropping, an integration of modern cropping systems","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mustelin et al., 2011","Book chapter","Tanzania","Zanzibar","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","resulting in coastal erosion","some hotels have left indigenous vegetation buffer zones and have experienced less erosion problems","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Indigenous vegetation is not only adapted to local conditions, but also creates habitat and/or migration corridors for indigenous fauna",null,"Rebecca"]
["Mustelin et al., 2011","Book chapter","Tanzania","Zanzibar","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","resulting in coastal erosion","some hotels badly affected by coastal erosion have begun building seawalls out of palm tree poles or cement","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Regional","shifts erosion elsewhere",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mustelin et al., 2011","Book chapter","Tanzania","Zanzibar","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","resulting in coastal erosion","placing debris on the beach","Other","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Mustelin et al., 2011","Book chapter","Tanzania","Zanzibar","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","resulting in coastal erosion","vegetation planting including indigenous trees, shrubs and creepers","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Planned","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Indigenous vegetation is not only adapted to local conditions, but also creates habitat and/or migration corridors for indigenous fauna",null,"Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Taita and Makueni","Drought","Drought","water scarcity","implement water reservoirs to conserve water, ","Water mgmt","Planned","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Taita and Makueni","Drought","Drought","water scarcity","grow drought resistant crops","Crop practices","Planned","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Taita and Makueni","Drought","Drought","water scarcity","sink bore holes","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Planned","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Kenya","Taita and Makueni","Drought","Drought","water scarcity","water recycling","Water mgmt","Planned","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Drought and flooding","Drought, Flooding","impacts on agricultural production","diversification of crops, ","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Flooding","Flooding","Flooding","using storm drains and elephant grass to contain running water","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Flooding","Flooding","loss of livestock due to flooding"," using ducks instead of chickens as they swim during floods ","Livestock mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Drought and flooding","Drought, Flooding","food insecurity","store food","Other","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Flooding","Flooding","Flooding"," using flood alert systems in case of a storm","Other","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Diakhite et al., 2011","Book chapter","Malawi","Nsanje and Salima districts","Drought","Drought","impacts on agricultural production","develop irrigation farming","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"communication tools, videos, posters and other materials developed to facilitate community identification of adaptation options","Rebecca"]
["Kasali, 2011","Book chapter","Zambia","Mazabuka District","Drought","Drought","Declining maize yields","Adoption of conservation agriculture (employs many indigenous techniques)","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Strong evidence showing this helps to improve yields greatly in Zambia","Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Tosha and Sansan","increasing aridity","Decreased rainfall","caused many of the local oases around the community of Tosha to become completely dry and has contributed to sand dune encroachment on farmland and grazing lands in both communities, and on dwellings in Tosha (which caused one death)","shallow boreholes for irrigation","Water mgmt","Happened","Since December 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Tosha and Sansan","increasing aridity","Decreased rainfall","caused many of the local oases around the community of Tosha to become completely dry and has contributed to sand dune encroachment on farmland and grazing lands in both communities, and on dwellings in Tosha (which caused one death)","introduced improved crop varieties ( early maturing, drought resistant, \nhigh yielding, resistant to pests and diseases) including cowpea, sorghum,\nmillet groundnut, maize and rice","Crop practices","Happened","Since December 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Tosha and Sansan","increasing aridity","Decreased rainfall","caused many of the local oases around the community of Tosha to become completely dry and has contributed to sand dune encroachment on farmland and grazing lands in both communities, and on dwellings in Tosha (which caused one death)","reforesting sand dunes to stabilize the dunes and to provide sources of fuel, food and fodder (15,000 Prosopis juliflora seedlings planted in intial phase)","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Happened","2010-07-01","Local/community","Potential danger of this non native species becoming\ninvasive in this arid region",null,null,"90% survival rate of the seedlings after first two months","Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Tosha and Sansan","increasing aridity","Decreased rainfall","caused many of the local oases around the community of Tosha to become completely dry and has contributed to sand dune encroachment on farmland and grazing lands in both communities, and on dwellings in Tosha (which caused one death)","Farmers are learning to record planting times, harvest times and yield, so that by next growing season, the yield of the introduced and the local varieties can be compared","Crop practices","Happened","Since December 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Tosha and Sansan","increasing aridity","Decreased rainfall","caused many of the local oases around the community of Tosha to become completely dry and has contributed to sand dune encroachment on farmland and grazing lands in both communities, and on dwellings in Tosha (which caused one death)","Farmers are also being encouraged to grow resilient wild food tree species of high traditional value both on farm and in home compounds","Crop practices, Natural resource use","Happened","Since December 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could provide habitat to native species",null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Gorori, Bursali and Billeri","sustained reduction in rainfall and year to year variability has been increasing since the 1970s","Decreased rainfall","crop productivity is declining","Many farmers have to plant more than once, and when the first planting fails there is the risk of depleting the seed stock for that season, in addition to the increased labour of planting more than once","Crop practices","Happened","Since December 2010","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Gorori, Bursali and Billeri","sustained reduction in rainfall and year to year variability has been increasing since the 1970s","Decreased rainfall","crop productivity is declining","introducing and testing improved varieties of the main crops of sorghum, millet, and cowpea","Crop practices","Happened","Since December 2011","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Gorori, Bursali and Billeri","sustained reduction in rainfall and year to year variability has been increasing since the 1970s","Decreased rainfall","crop productivity is declining","assist in weather forecasting so planting times are more accurate and timed to consistent rainfall","Crop practices","Happened","Since December 2012","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Gorori, Bursali and Billeri","Mitigation effort ","Other (please specify)","fuelwood collection leading to forest decline","reduce the demand for fuel wood by introducing and training women on the use and fabrication of fuel efficient stoves","Energy source","Happened","Since December 2013","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced pressure on forests",null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Cross River State","Rainfall variability ","Other (please specify)","Some decline in yields and vulnerability of fishing","Two 10 m X 30 m ponds were completed and were each stocked with 1,000 tilapia and 2,000 catfish three months later in July","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","2010-04-01","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could reduce pressure on wild fish stocks",null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Cross River State","Rainfall variability ","Other (please specify)","Some decline in yields and vulnerability of fishing","Training on fish farming was also conducted and COLIN produced a manual on aquaculture to 19 Building Nigeria’s Response to Climate Change 309 address the most important concepts including sustainability, maintenance and harvesting","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Happened","Since 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","Could reduce pressure on wild fish stocks",null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Cross River State","Rainfall variability ","Other (please specify)","Some decline in yields and vulnerability of fishing","promotion of cassava (gari) processing and snail farming as alternative livelihoods","Livelihood type","Happened","Since 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected","snails can provide a source of protein to replace bush meat,  and snails and cassava can provde income to offset the income that some men make from\nselling bush meat thereby reducing the pressure on local forest resources through decreased hutning, and subsequently, decreased bush fires (set to aid hunting efforts)",null,"Rebecca"]
["Woodley, 2011","Book chapter","Nigeria","Cross River State","Rainfall variability ","Other (please specify)","Some decline in yields and vulnerability of fishing","many men and youth to leave the communities in search of other means of income, leaving the remaining women and children burdened with additional labour","Migration, Livelihood type","Happened","Since 2009","Local/community","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","restoration of dune massives and a lido that separates the Nador lagoon from the sea","Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","rebuilding of the eroding beaches using sand from coastal areas where too much of it has accumulated","Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","Could disturb coastal ecosystems (ex: increased sedimintation of water)",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","installation of drainage channel","Infrastructure dev, Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","could disturb natural habitat through necessary land clearing",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","selection of tree varieties that easily adapt to water scarcity, soil salinity and erosion (such as olive, carob, almond and fig trees)","Natural resource use","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","alternative farming techniques that promote high value-added crops","Crop practices","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","building a reservoir to store the water resources available in the villages","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","could disturb natural habitat through necessary land clearing","could disturb natural habitat through necessary land clearing",null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","digging new reservoirs and favouring the drip irrigation system","Water mgmt","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","testing and applying new techniques aimed at sustaining soil quality","Other","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Martinez et al., 2011","Book chapter","Morocco","Nador and Berkane provinces","rising sea levels, coastal flooding and storm surges","Sea level rise, Flooding, Storms","e destruction of wetlands and the loss of several beaches due to erosion","establishment of a zone with no contraction permitted along the most vulnerable coastal parts and the reorganization of flooding zones","Land conversion","Suggested","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","could help to protect coastal ecoystems",null,"Rebecca"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Female farmers shift to less labor/capital-intensive crops","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Soil management (manure, fertilizer application, change site)","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in male farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Institute policy to promote agrobiodiversity","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Development government crop commodity program","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Mixed-cropping","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in female farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Mono-cropping","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Multiple-cropping","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in female farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Plant protection (staking, shading, shelter)","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in male farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Seed treatment","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Pesticide application","Crop practices, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Negative impacts of chemicals",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Use of drought tolerant crop varieties","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Rainwater harvesting","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Potential decrease in water availability",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Manual crop watering","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Increased irrigation use","Crop practices, Water mgmt","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Potential decrease in water availability",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Early planting/harvesting","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in female farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Late planting/harvesting","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Crop storage","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Prompt sale of crops","Crop practices","Already happened","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"More likely in female farmers","Michaila"]
["Moula, 2010","Journal","Cameroon","Humid moist forest, high savanna, Sahel","Reduced rainfall, increased climate variability","Reduced water availability","Threats to livelihoods, crop success","Migration","Migration","Already happened","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned",null,"Potential provision of habitat with less farming activity","More likely in male farmers","Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Increase total protected forest area","Land conversion, Natural resource use","Already happened",1999,"International","None mentioned","None suspected","Promote regional biodiversity and habitat protection",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Enrichment plantings, post-silvicultural treatments in logging concessions","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Promote regional biodiversity and habitat protection",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Community based forest management","Natural resource use","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Protection of sensitive forest habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","non-wood forest product extraction","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment","Recommended","Not specified","International","None mentioned","Potential habitat disturbance","Promote habitat protection",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Cameroon","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","establishment of cocoa agroforest in savannah area","Natural resource use, Natural habitat encroachment, Crop practices","Ongoing",2009,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase forest habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Gabon","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Plantation management, preventing uncontrolled expansion","Crop practices, Land conversion","Ongoing",2009,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Promote habitat protection",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Equatorial Guinea","Lula and Malabo","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","management of old cocoa plantation to provide wood material for construction and energy","Natural resource use","Ongoing",2009,"Regional","None mentioned","Potential habitat disturbance","Limit further deforestation for wood products",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo and DRC","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","afforestation of savannah area for the production of wood","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Ongoing",2009,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase forest habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Implement UN-REDD/REDD+ program throughout region","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","Not specified","International","None mentioned","Possible disturbance - depends on details of each project","Protection of sensitive forest habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Sonwa, Walker, Nasi, & Kanninen, 2011","Journal","Congo basin nations","Congo basin","Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation","General climate change impacts (not specific)","Mitigation effort","Compensate farmers to prevent deforestation for agriculture","Natural resource use, Land conversion","Recommended","Not specified","International","None mentioned","None suspected","Protection of sensitive forest habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks","Floods, droughts, agriculture droughts","Water storage and reticulation, large ans small reservoirs","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","National and Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge","Floods, droughts, degraded water quality, agricultural droughts","Early warning systems for changes in streamflow regimes (short, medium, long term systems)","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","National and local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge","Floods, droughts, degraded water quality, agricultural droughts","Improve system operations for reservoir operations rules","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","National and Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flash floods, droughts, water availability decrease","Research of efficient technologies/better climate models, development of risk maps and flood lines","Other","Recommended","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, water availiability decrease, agricultural droughts","Communication, training, participatory approach in decision making through integrated communication systems between main water users "," Water mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","National and Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, water availiability, agricultural droughts","Policy development (national water master plans, disaster management policies/plans, international water agreements, international conventions)"," Water mgmt","Ongoing",null,"International and National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, water availiability decrease, agricultural droughts","Adaptive spatial planning for land-use","Land conversion","Recommended","Not specified","National and Local","None mentioned","Possible disturbance - depends on details of each project","Planning may protect critical species habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Drought, flash floods","Drought, flash floods","Agricultural drought, flash flooding, decreased groundwater","Groundwater artificial recharge, borehole drilling, sand dams","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned",null,null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","Agricultural drought, surface water supply decrease, decreased groundwater","Rainwater harvesting","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Potential decrease in water availability",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Drought, decreased rainfall","Drought, decreased rainfall","Agricultural drought, surface water supply decrease","Water reuse, recycling","Water mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase available water quantity for species",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Drought","Drought","Surface water supply","Desalination","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flash flooding, sea-level rise, storm surge","Flash flooding, sea-level rise, storm surge","Infrastructure damage, crop loss","Develop infrastructure for flood/storm surge control (dams, spillways, stormwater systems, levees, wave breaks, vegetation)","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Possible disturbance - depends on details of each project","Increased vegetation may increase habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flash flooding, drought, sea-level rise, storm surge","Flash flooding, drought, sea-level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, water availiability decrease, agricultural droughts","Communication of water forescasts to water users","Water mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Flooding, drought, increased evaporation, change in streamflow discharge peaks, water quality, groundwater recharge, sea level rise, storm surge","Water availability and quality decrease","Develop water quality/quantity monitoring systems (including retrofitting existing infrastructure)","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Improve local water quality, improve population health",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Flooding","Flooding","Flash floods, water quality decrease","Maintain and re-establish natural capital (wetlands, buffers, etc) ","Water mgmt, Land conversion, Natural resource use","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase habitat",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Environmental flows","Environmental flows","Mitigation effort, infrastructure damage, water quality decrease","Develop catchment/estuary/river management plans ","Water mgmt, Natural resource use","Recommended","Not specified","National and Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Potential provision of habitat, better habitat management",null,"Michaila"]
["Schulze, RE, 2011","Journal","South Africa",null,"Future variability in water availability, water quality","Future variability in water availability, water quality","Flooding, decreased rainfall, decreased groundwater, surface water supply decrease, agricultural drought, infrastructure damage, crop loss, water quality decrease","Integrated national development plans ","Other","Recommended","Not specified","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Water stress, increased livestock death/disease, famine","Kenyan president declared national disaster, appeal for foreign aid","Other","Already happened","2008/9","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","water stress, famine","Selling livestock, reducing herd size","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease, reduced livestock grazing area","preserving pastures, storing adequate livestock feeds","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","livestock health decline","stocking drugs for treating animals","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","de-worming healthy stock (preventative measure)","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","water stress, increased livestock death/disease","treat sick livestock","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","purchase livestock to improve stock","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","water stress, famine","storing food for drought period","Other","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","Rent pasture from neighbor in exchange for plowing in following season","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Expectation of reduced livestock grazing area","precautionary measures to ensure future pasture supply","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010",null,null,"Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","Walking longer distances to find water/feed for livestock","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","Increased spending on water/feed for livestock","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","practising free grazing along rivers and in unsettled lands","Livestock mgmt, Natural habitat encroachment, Natural resource use","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","trampling of ecosystems, water quality decline from livestock feces",null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought"," increased livestock death/disease","restrict contact of sick livestock with other herds","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","controlling spread of disease",null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","apply acaricides on livestock","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","potential spread of pesticides to other organisms",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","income loss from failed crops, famine, increased crop prices","increase in livestock sales","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","income loss from failed crops, famine, increased crop prices, decreased livestock prices during drought","consumption of livestock","Livestock mgmt","Already happened","1999/2000","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","Train locals as para-veterinary officers to improve access to livestock care","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","Amend laws to allow para-veterinarians to treat livestock","Livestock mgmt, Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing",2007,"National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","water stress","rainwater harvesting and resources conservation for livestock","Water mgmt, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","Potential decrease in water availability","potential increase in water availability water resources are well conserved",null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","water stress, reduced livestock grazing area,  limited socio-economic mobility","policy interventions to train agro-pastoralists for other livelihoods","Livelihood type","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","conserve pastures in enclosures for use during drought, with/without neighbors","Livestock mgmt, Natural resource use, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","Controlled/zero grazing for livestock","Natural resource use, Livestock mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","Reduced livestock grazing area","Improve water infrastructure for runoff collection","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease, ","expand financial, credit and insurance institutions to rural areas","Other","Recommended","Not specified","National ","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease","Use of mobile phones for reporting livestock theft","Livestock mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Makueni District","Drought","Drought","increased livestock death/disease, decreased livestock prices during drought","Increase community investment opportunties (besides livestock)","Livelihood type","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity, increased HIV/AIDS ","Mobility that promotes high risk sexual activity","Livelihood location","Already happened","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity, increased HIV/AIDS ","Transactional sex to combat hunger","Livelihood type","Already happened","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity, increased HIV/AIDS ","Link small-scale agriculture with HIV treatment programs, school feeding programs","Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Private sector development of local food fortification to generate income","Livelihood type","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Extend growing season with small-scale irrigation","Water mgmt, Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","Local","None mentioned","Depletion of ecosystem water resources","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Subsidize agricultural inputs","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","National","None mentioned","Potential habitat destruction with increased resources for ag production","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Diversify crop production, agro-processing","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Develop farm input supply chain","Crop practices","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","Potential habitat destruction with increased resources for ag production","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Develop existing/create new market links","Other","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","Potential habitat destruction with increased resources for ag production","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity, increased HIV/AIDS ","Facilitate research about adaptation barriers created by HIV","Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity, increased HIV/AIDS ","Improve distribution of HIV antiviral drugs in workplaces","Disease/pest mgmt","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Drimie & Gillespie, 2010","Journal","Southern Africa",null,"Extreme temperature events, decline in rainfall, extreme variation in rainfall","Water scarcity, extreme temperature events","Crop failure, declining yields, food insecurity, famine, water scarcity","Assess growth in disaster response service demand due to climate change","Other","Recommended","Not specified","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","None suspected",null,"Michaila"]
["Bisaro et al., 2010","Journal","Lesotho",null,"g longer droughts punctuated by increased intensity rains leading to soil erosion","Erosion/landsldies, Drought, Flooding","wetland loss through soil erosion","building gabions to prevent wetlands loss through soil erosion","Infrastructure dev","Happened (?)","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","supports wetland biodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["Bisaro et al., 2010","Journal","Lesotho",null,"g longer droughts punctuated by increased intensity rains leading to soil erosion","Erosion/landsldies, Drought, Flooding","wetland loss through soil erosion","MDTP extension officers have assisted in public forums and trainings for the establishment of Managed Resource Councils (MRCs) in the project areas which are meant to extend the jurisdiction of local councils to the summer grazing areas located further from the villages to reduce degradation from overgrazing and trampling of wetland areas","Livestock mgmt","Happened","2003 onward","National","None mentioned","None suspected","supports wetland biodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","Serial storms","Storms","infrastructure and property damage and risk to lives","need to establish emergency operation centres linked to an early warning system, and regular rehearsal exercises","Infrastructure dev","Happened","2012 (expected date)","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","Serial storms","Storms","infrastructure and property damage and risk to lives","relocation of existing key infrastructure and people away from flood prone/landslide areas where necessary","Infrastructure dev","Suggested","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","increased temperatures, increased flooding, decreased food security","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Flooding","productivity of dry land maize (a key subsistence crop) will drop to almost zero","suitable replacement crops are being sought","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","increased temperatures, increased flooding, decreased food security","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Flooding","water scarcity","identify and implement water-harvesting technologies","Water mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","reduced pressure on freshwater",null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","increased temperatures, increased flooding, decreased food security","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Flooding","threat to water catchments and other ecosystem services that vulnerable communities depend upon","82,000 trees being planted on 64 hectares of former sugar cane land at the Buffelsdraai regional landfill site. Further phases of the project will plant an additional 586\nhectares of land in the landfill buffer area","Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","provision of urban habitat and reduced impacts of runoff on waterways",null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","increased temperatures, increased flooding, decreased food security","Heat waves/hotter days, Drought, Flooding","decreased food security and increased stormwater runoff","A pilot “green roof” project has been initiated on a municipal building, with subsequent development of the pilot using indigenous species of plants and food crops","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","use of indigenous species promoting urban biodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["ROBERTS, 2010","Journal","South Africa","Durban","sea level rise and increased frequency of severe storms","Sea level rise, Storms","coastal inundation","infrastructure not being replaced in the coastal zone following the damage suffered as a result of extreme coastal erosion events","Land conversion","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","potentially creating new coastal habitat",null,"Rebecca"]
["Johnson and Krishnamurthy, 2010","Journal","Mozambique",null,"f devastating floods in 2001 and\n2007","Flooding","Flooding","the government decided to relocate vulnerable populations into higher elevation areas that were close to schools and other public services. Although it reduced vulnerability to lowland flooding, the policy also generated new risks to drought and failed harvests","Migration","Happened","2001 and 2007","National ","None mentioned","possible degradation/conversion of higher elevation land ",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mphunga","Not specified","Other (please specify)","Impacts on farming","farmers learned the basics of operating a video camera and structuring a script, and made a short film on how to manage climate-change risks. The video was screened in neighbouring communities and accelerated the dissemination of climate-adaptation measures.","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Senegal","Saint Louis","Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","With the support of the IFRC West and Central Africa Zone Office, the Climate Centre designed and facilitated an Early Warning, Early Action workshop in December 2009 in Saint-Louis (northern Senegal), which  helped to establish the foundations for three early warning systems addressing various threats in Senegal, as well as to improve the use of predictions for humanitarian decisions.","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Senegal, Cameroon, and Ghana","Dakar,  Yaounde and Accra ","Heavy rainfall resulting in severe flooding in 2007 and 2008","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Risk to human lives and health","pre-positioning of non-food items such as blankets, kitchen sets, soap, water and sanitation kits, cholera kits, and tents in warehouses in three locations, which allowed beneficiaries’ needs to be met within twenty-four to forty-eight hours, as opposed to waiting more than forty days for relief items in 2007","Other","Happened",2008,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso, Ghana","Bagre and Kopienga reservoirs","forecasts for heavy rainfall ion 2007 and 2008 indicated the possibility of excess water spillage from Bagre and Kopienga reservoirs in Burkina Faso, threatening downstream areas in Ghana","Increased rainfall, Flooding","Risk to human lives and health","to address 2008 flooding, controlled release of the dam waters was agreed upon, and a two-week warning was issued prior to the release","Water mgmt","Happened",2008,"Regional","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Togo, The Gambia",null,"severe weather","Flooding","risk to human lives and health","the National Society in Togo trained thirty-eight new disaster-management trainers to build capacity within its volunteer base, Gambia also held training event","Other","Happened","2007-2008","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"evidence suggests a lower relieance on foreign assistance and lower costs of recovery in 2008","Rebecca"]
["Braman et al., 2010","Journal","Togo","Zogbe´dji","severe weather","Flooding","risk to human lives and health","small community of Atie´gou Zogbe´dji was able to evacuate just before flooding thanks to creation of a developed an early warning communication system by the National Society",null,"Happened",2008,"Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Floods","Flooding","Flooding of urban areas","Improve flood warning system","Other","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Drought","Drought","reduced water availability","Integrated water resource planning","Water mgmt","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Drought","Drought","Increased fire risk","Awareness campaigns, increased training in ecological fire management","Other","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","inundation of coastal development","Implementation of coastal defense structures","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Could damage/disturb coastal/marine habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Sea level rise","Sea level rise","inundation of coastal development","resettlement","Migration","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","potential for conversion of natural areas to urban areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Heat waves","Heat waves/Hotter days","impacts on human health and comfort","Air quality management system","Other","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Storms/storm surges","Storms","risk of flooding/damage to urban areas","Monitoring and warning systems,","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Storms/storm surges","Storms","risk of flooding/damage to urban areas","improved construction and regulations for informal housing","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Storms/storm surges","Storms","risk of flooding/damage to urban areas","development of resilient and robust infrastructure, including storm water drainage and new sewage treatment installations","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Birkmann et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Cape Town","Not specified","Other (please specify)","increased health risks","Improved sanitation facilities in informal settlements","Infrastructure dev","Recommended","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Olsson & Jerneck, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Western region","Mitigation","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","the Mumias Sugar factory, has converted itsuse of energy from diesel generators into biogas frombagass being a by-product of the sugar production","Energy source","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Olsson & Jerneck, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Nyando district","Mitigation","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","introduction of improved cookstoves ","Energy source","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Reduced pressure on forests for firewood","most cost effective in terms of CO2 emission reductions of the three projects, with greatest beneficiaries","Rebecca"]
["Olsson & Jerneck, 2010","Journal","Kenya","Nyando district","Mitigation","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","planting trees for agroforestry","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","opportunity to improve agrobiodiversity",null,"Rebecca"]
["HARTMANN, 2010","Journal","Senegal","Northern region","drought","Drought","Impacts on pastoralists","migration","Migration","Happened","between 1998 and 2002","regional ","None mentioned","Potential disturbance/degradation to natural areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Brown et al., 2010","Journal","Cameroon",null,"increasing variability in the timing and amount of rainfall in Northern part of Cameroon","Changes in timing of season","impact on agricultural production","increased migration from the north to the southern part of the country","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","pressure on forest resources",null,null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Brown et al., 2010","Journal","Cameroon",null,"increasing variability in the timing and amount of rainfall in Northern part of Cameroon","Changes in timing of season","impacts on agricultural production and forestry operations, advancing deserts","The Ministry of Forests and Wildlife engaging in tree planting projects particularly in northern Cameroon","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","Regional","None mentioned","None suspected","Increase forest habitat",null,"Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","seasonal migration of Rimaiibe men to Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire to engage in labor","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","raising of livestock as insurance during bad times. Rimaiibe own most cattle and pay Fulbe to herd them (transhumance)","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","gardening of cash crops using groundwater by Rimmaibe, less so by Fulbe due to land access issues","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","development projects including planting trees and bushes to ﬁxate the dune","Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","could prevent desertification and create habitat for wildlife","Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","development project including constructing dikes in the ﬁelds against surface water and soil run-off","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","Rimaiibe men and women engage in wage labor through employment inlocal development projects","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010","Journal","Burkina Faso","Biidi 2","Increasingly unpredictable rainfall resulting in period of flooding and drought, hotter temperatures, and more intense wind","Changes in timing of seasons, Drought, Flooding, Heat waves/Hotter days, Changes in wind","Farmers don’t' know when to plant, and more movement of sand caused by wind destroys crops, thereby affecting livelihoods","Rimaiibe women engaging in small-scale commerce such as selling mats, food, garden produce and small domestic animals","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Rimaiibe ethnic group is doing much more income diversification than Fulbe, due to desire to maintain cultural identity of Fulbe which includes living in the bush","Rebecca"]
["Hardee & Mutunga, 2009","Journal","Burundi",null,"Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","migration of people and cattle - traditional adaptation practice but also consequence of climate changes","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","degradation of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hardee & Mutunga, 2009","Journal","Niger",null,"Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","migration of people and cattle - traditional adaptation practice but also consequence of climate changes","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","degradation of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hardee & Mutunga, 2009","Journal","the Comoros",null,"Not specified","Other (please specify)"," loss of cultivable lands","migration of at least 10% of the population","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","degradation of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hardee & Mutunga, 2009","Journal","Djibouti",null,"Not specified","Other (please specify)","Not specified","migration from rural areas to “new urban areas” where previously nomadic populations are being forced to settle around water points established by the State","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","degradation of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Hardee & Mutunga, 2009","Journal","Sao Tome and Principe","Malanza, Santa Catarina and Sundy","Landslides","Erosion/landslides","Landslides and food insecurity","relocation","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","degradation of habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Thornton & Gerber, 2010","Journal","Kenya",null,"Drought and disease","Drought","impact on livestock of Samburu cattle livelihood","Samburu adopted cattles in place of cattle","Livestock mgmt","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknwon","Reduced competition for water between livestock and wildlife",null,"Rebecca"]
["ZIERVOGEU et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa ","Cape Town","Drought in early 2000s","Drought","Water scarcity","water restrictions were imposed and use was significantly reduced.","Water mgmt","Happened","Early 2000s","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["ZIERVOGEU et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa ","Cape Town","Drought in early 2000s","Drought","Water scarcity","Some households used rainwater collected from rooftops","Water mgmt","Happened","Early 2000s","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["ZIERVOGEU et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa ","Cape Town","Drought in early 2000s","Drought","Water scarcity","water was taken from private boreholes for non-portable use (watering gardens and washing cars), as is encouraged by the City","Water mgmt","Happened","Early 2000s","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAP policy: changes to crop and livestock varieties,","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods"," NAP policy: livelihood diversification through increased public sector investment and training of communities in vocational skills, ","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAP policy: education of farmers and communities in natural resource management through training to improve land husbandry techniques, ","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAP policy: provision of irrigation services, ","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAP policy: better food processing and marketing","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods"," NAP policy: shifts to non-food crops such as Jatropha curcas, a biofuel crop.","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: land-use changes (including shifts in cultivated land area; crop type and crop location)","Crop practices, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could lead to habitat destruction",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: increased use of irrigation water and mineral\nfertilizers applied in combination with organic manure; ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could increase nutrient runoff with impacts on freshwater ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: control of insect pests, weeds, parasites and diseases;","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods"," NAPA  strategies: soil drainage and erosion control;","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: improvements to farm infrastructure; ","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: use of improved and high-yielding crop varieties tolerant\nto drought and diseases; ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: improvements in crop husbandry and agronomic practices","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Enhancing food security and developing community-based storage systems for seed and food","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Increasing resilience of food production systems to erratic rains by promoting sustainable dimbaa production of maize and vegetables in dambos,b wetlands and along river valleys","Crop practices, Land conversion","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could harm wetland habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Targeting afforestation and reforestation programmes to control siltation and the provision of fuelwood, and for their benefits, such as sources of alternative cash income","Natural resource use","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Could create habitat for wildlife",null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Improving energy access and security in rural areas (e.g. through extension of the rural electrification programme, energy-efficient stoves and development of ethanol-based stoves)","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Improving nutrition among rural communities  through\nthe promotion of fish farming, ","Fishing/aquaculture practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Improving nutrition among rural communities through rearing of small ruminants","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Uknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Improving nutrition among rural communities  through nutritional supplements for children and the sick","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Disseminating bed nets in high-incidence malaria areas","Disease/pest mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Developing food and water reserves for disaster preparedness and response ","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Developing community-based wildlife ranching and a breeding programme for Nyalac","Livestock mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Uknown","Could promote conservation of land to support wildlife",null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Providing standby power generation facilities  ","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Managing forest fires in collaboration with communities ","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","Could help to limit extent of habitat destruction",null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"higher temperatures, delayed and shorter rainy seasons, and increased intensity of rainfall","Heat waves/hotter days, Changes in timing of season, Erosion/landslides","Desertification leading to threat to food security, livelihoods","NAPA  strategies: Developing small dams, and other storage facilities, to mitigate flooding, to harvest water and to initiate community-based fish farming and breeding","Water mgmt, Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could adverselty impact riparian ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mulanje","later rainy season","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","farmers are planting later","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mulanje","later rainy season","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","farmers are switching to fast maturing crop varieties","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mulanje","Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","farmers  planting a minimum of two crops,","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Unknown",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mulanje","Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops"," mixing cereals with pulses and tubers ","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Could improve agrobiodiversity and improve soil quality",null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi","Mulanje","Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","often intercropping with nitrogen-fixing and drought tolerant pigeon peas","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected","Could improve agrobiodiversity and improve soil quality",null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","community organizations have developed partnerships with the local tea industry to further diversify rural livelihoods","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","Diversification into the growth of burley tobacco as a cash crop","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"Highly susceptible to price fluctuations","Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","change to special maize varieties","Livelihood type, Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Unknown",null,"detrimental to planting of subsidiary crops\n(sorghum, millet, legumes and vegetables), making farms less diverse","Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","impacts on crops","targeted subsidies by the Malawian government is already providing for fertilizers to support maize production","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could increase nutrient runoff with impacts on freshwater ecosystems",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","Food scarcity","Ganyu' an arrangement in which labour is exchanged for cash or in-kind food payment, providing mutual benefits to both the labourer and the contractor.","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Some contracts can be exploitative-ex: some include transactional sex leading to rise in HIV/AIDS","Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall, drought, flooding","Changes in timing of season","Low crop yields and drying of rivers","migration of one or more members of the household to other rural areas (intra-rural migration), to urban areas (rural –urban migration) and abroad","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could lead to land degradation in other areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","Food insecurity","livelihood diversification, often incorporating urban agricultural activities to address the need for food security","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","Food insecurity","Peri-urban households appear to be taking advantage of this demand, generating income through the sale of their land ","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Stringer et al., 2010","Journal","Malawi",null,"Unpredictable rainfall","Changes in timing of season","Food insecurity","the engagement of waged labourers on agricultural plots belonging to other people is another increasingly important source of cash income.","Livelihood type","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Mozambique",null,"Flooding and cyclones","Flooding, Storms","loss of life","creation of an early warning system","Infrastructure dev","Happened",2007,"National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,"Reduced impacts on human lives during 2007 floods compared to flooding in previous years","Rebecca"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Zambia",null,"not specified","Other (please specify)","impacts on crops","the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives using information provided in the EWS ofthe Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD) to guide crop planning,","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Speranza, 2010","Journal","Mozambique",null,"Flooding and cyclones","Flooding, Storms","damage to housing","the Red Cross Society of Mozambique 'initiated a programme to improve the quality of housing construction, so that newly built houses are better able to withstand the effects of natural disasters'","Crop practices","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Yumagulova, 2011","Book chapter","South Africa",null,"flooding","Flooding","risk of damage to buildings and infrastructure","restrictions on building within 50-year floodplains","Infrastructure dev","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could push development to ecologically important areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Selling of assets (ex: goats)","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Reliance on social networks (including money lenders)","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Eating of wild plants/fruits","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Could lead to degradation of natural areas if overused",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","Mozambique","Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)","Risk of drought, unpredictable rainy seasons, risk of flooding, risk of tropical storms, 600mm per yea","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased woodland area around villages, loss of fertile lowland during flooding, unproductive fruit and cashew trees","Eating of wild animals/birds","Natural resource use","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Could deplete abundance of local species",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Turning to faith and church groups","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Government support (e.g., welfare)","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","Mozambique","Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)","Risk of drought, unpredictable rainy seasons, risk of flooding, risk of tropical storms, 600mm per yea","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","Increased woodland area around villages, loss of fertile lowland during flooding, unproductive fruit and cashew trees","NGO support (e.g., food aid, cash for work)","Other","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Petty trading/hawking (ex: selling crafts)","Livelihood type","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa, Mozambique","Mantsie village (Lehurutshe District), Khomele village(Dzanani District), Mcitsheni village (uThukela District) and Nwadjahane village (Manjacaze District)",null,"Drought, Changes in timing of seasons, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields, cattle, water availability, availability of wild foods (varies by village)","Temporary migration (including exchange, work, support, water for livestock)","Livelihood location","Happened","N/A","Local","None mentioned","Could deplete resources/degrade land in other areas",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Limpopo Province","Flooding in 2000","Flooding","impacts on crop yields","one householed collected firewood to exchange locally for food for the family","Natural resource use","Happened",2000,"subsistence","none mentioned","degradation of forests",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","Agricultural cooperative have initiated access to land elsewhere for grazing livestock and growing cash crops, allowing farmers to make use of diversity in landscape and climate, including exploiting the South African land reform system","Livelihood location, Land conversion","Happened","post 2004","local","None mentioned","potential for clearing of natural areas for alternative use",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","subsidized training on irrigation, advice on stock breeds, and crop.","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","access to weather forecasts","Other","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Mcitsheni village","Increased risk of intense variable climatic events (snow, hail, frost, drought, floods), weak wetting trend, 845mm per year","Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields","Horticultural Projects led by local groups mostly comprised of women - projects included diversification of the local crop base, e.g., potatoes compensate for damaged maize harvests","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Mcitsheni village","Increased risk of intense variable climatic events (snow, hail, frost, drought, floods), weak wetting trend, 845mm per year","Drought, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields","Horticultural Projects led by local groups mostly comprised of women - sought training to reinvest remittances into irrigation pumps","Water mgmt","Happened",2004,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Mcitsheni village","Increased risk of intense variable climatic events (snow, hail, frost, drought, floods), weak wetting trend, 845mm per year","Drought, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields","local maize cooperative started by local men engaged in experimentation of shortgrowing resilient varieties and planting densities","Crop practices","Happened","2001 onward","local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Mcitsheni village","Increased risk of intense variable climatic events (snow, hail, frost, drought, floods), weak wetting trend, 845mm per year","Drought, Flooding, Other (please specify)","impacts on crop yields","local maize cooperative started by local men engaged in soil conservation practices, e.g., contour stone bunding, was introduced for the first time","Crop practices","Happened","2001 onward","local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","Mozambique","Nwadjahane","Risk of drought, unpredictable rainy seasons, risk of flooding, risk of tropical storms, 600mm per yea","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","Farmers Associations have been initiated, which have helped increase flow of information resulting in forty-five percent of respondents now using more resilient types of cassava, beans, maize and rice than 10 years ago","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","most changed to shorter growing varieties of maize and beans in the nonirrigated dry soils around the village - based on observations from visits set up through matrilineal ties to other project sites within Nzhelele valley  ","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons","impacts on crop yields","changed to new tomato varieties in the irrigated fields as recommended by other farmers","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","Mozambique","Nwadjahane","Risk of drought, unpredictable rainy seasons, risk of flooding, risk of tropical storms, 600mm per yea","Drought","impacts on crop yields","women in three villages formed a group and copied farmers involved in formal projects to spread risks by planting short-maturing varieties of cassava and sweet potatoes, which could be grown on the dry sandy soils during drought ","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Limpopo Province","Drought","Drought"," impacts on crops","younger farmers experimented with farm technologies including rotators, tractors,\nand developed cheap water-saving techniques for irrigation","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Limpopo Province","Drought","Drought"," impacts on crops","younger farmers they experimented with tomato varieties to find suitable crops for the increased intense heat of the dry season","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Limpopo Province","Drought","Drought"," impacts on crops","younger farmers varied the spacing of plants","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Limpopo Province","Drought","Drought"," impacts on crops","younger farmers  tried inorganic inputs","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","Can lead to nutrient runoff affecting nearby habitat if not properly applied",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons",null,"coordinated their tomato sales in order to limit competition for contracts to local factories in Dzanani and Musina. ","Crop practices","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Osbahr et al., 2010","Journal","South Africa","Khomele","Increased drought risk, unpredictable shorter rainy seasons, longer/intense dry seasons, occasional risk of intense rainfall, 525mm per year","Drought, Changes in timing of seasons",null,"The autonomous formation of a village cattle auction in this location had also promoted social cohesion and reduced conflict over pricing.","Livestock mgmt","Happened",null,"local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Not specified (likely drought/changing rainfall patterns)","Drought","increased water scarcity","Eskom, the highest emitter of CO2 in South Africa, has identified short-term adaptation measures to include dry-cooling in its new power stations, which can reduce water consumption by approximately 90 per cent","Water mgmt","Planned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","could decrease pressure on water bodies",null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","Eskom is developing over 100 MW of wind and solar thermal power.","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","off-grid rural concessions programme that is to provide 350,000 solar home systems in seven concession areas","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","The country’s power regulator recently set renewable energy tariffs to\nboost investment in the sector and to meet South Africa’s target of generating\n2 per cent of its power output (10,000 GWh) from renewables by 2013. The\ncountry will pay ZAR1.25 ($0.14) for a kilowatt hour produced from wind,\nZAR0.94 from hydro, ZAR0.90 from landfill gas and ZAR2.10 for power from\nconcentrated solar","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","Programmes in the electricity sector are largely oriented around load management at peak hours, introducing consumers to efficient equipment such as compact fluorescent lamps and power management practices","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","Selected industries are involved with Eskom in trial programmes to introduce efficient motors and other equipment.","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","The Global Environment Facility and Eskom targeted all households with the intention of installing around 18 million compact fluorescent lightings over 20 years","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","installing insulation in inexpensive houses","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","proper site orientation for taking advantage of passive solar energy","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","encouraged the use of more efficient refrigerators","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","switching from paraffin to natural gas for cooking","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","South Africa has set in motion changes that will replace coal-based synthetic fuel with cleaner regional sources, especially natural gas and hydroelectric power to be obtained from neighbouring members of the Southern African Development Community","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","new gas and hydro infrastructure could lead to increased habitat disturbance",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","aggressive approach towards the promotion\nand production of environmentally friendly biodiesel and bioethanol fuels\nmanufactured from crops such as canola, soya, sunflower, sugar beet,\nmaize, sorghum, wheat and sugarcane","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could lead to large scale land conversion affecting natural habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","strengthened building codes and boiler standards in South Africa, coupled with appliance efficiency standards","Infrastructure dev","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","government plans to establish energy efficiency norms and standards for commercial buildings","Infrastructure dev","Planned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","Department of Transport trying to introduce clean energy systems for transportation, including converting internal combustion engines to natural gas, gas-to-liquids technology and fuel-cell technology","Energy source","Planned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","government has also embarked on public information programmes to sensitize the motoring public to the benefits of efficiency measures and to increase public knowledge and awareness of efficiency issues, including specific efficiency indicators, as well as the engendering of “civil responsibility” regarding environmental and sustainability issues","Other","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation"," insurance companies like Santam have now decided to factor climate change risk into their insurance premiums","Energy source","Happened","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Mitigation effort","Other (please specify)","Mitigation","investments in Clean coal technologies by Eskom","Energy source","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","habitat degradation from continued mining operations",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Droughts and Floods","Drought, Flooding","Imapcts on crop yields","using different seed varieties and technologies","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Droughts and Floods","Drought, Flooding","Imapcts on crop yields","adjusting times of sowing and harvesting","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Odeku & Meyer, 2010","Journal","South Africa",null,"Droughts and Floods","Drought, Flooding","Imapcts on crop yields","moving spatially","Crop practices","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","Could lead to destruciton of natural habitat to make way for ag land",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Kahinda & Taigbenu","Journal","South Africa",null,"Drought, erratic rainfall","Drought","decreased water availability ","uptake of domestic rainwater harvesting in rural areas","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected","potential to decrease disturbance to natural water bodies",null,"Rebecca"]
["Moser & Satterthwaite, 2008","Journal","Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria, Mozambique, Kenya","Accra, Kampala, Lagos, Maputo and Nairobi","flooding had become more frequent and less predictable","Flooding","flooding of residential areas","sleeping on furniture in order to be above the flood waters,","Other","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Moser & Satterthwaite, 2008","Journal","Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria, Mozambique, Kenya","Accra, Kampala, Lagos, Maputo and Nairobi","flooding had become more frequent and less predictable","Flooding","flooding of residential areas"," moving families to safer sites","Migration","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","could disturb natural habitat",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Moser & Satterthwaite, 2008","Journal","Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria, Mozambique, Kenya","Accra, Kampala, Lagos, Maputo and Nairobi","flooding had become more frequent and less predictable","Flooding","flooding of residential areas","to protect property: creation of barriers to water entry at the door, trenches to steer water away, and outlets at the house rear so water could quickly flow out","Water mgmt","Ongoing","N/A","Local","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
["Moser & Satterthwaite, 2008","Journal","Kenya","coastal communities","Sea level rise, Storms","Sea level rise, Storms","risk of inundation of coastal communities","a radio-based information system for vulnerable coastal communities that will monitor sea-level rises and help detect extreme events such as tsunamis, storm surges, coastal flooding and tropical cyclones","Infrastructure dev","Planned","N/A","National","None mentioned","None suspected",null,null,"Rebecca"]
[null,null,null,null,"Increased frequency/severity of drought","Drought","Low flow in rivers creating reduced availabilty of water","Increase reservoir volumes"]

{"sheet":"Literature considered","index":1,"n_rows":239,"n_cols":3,"rows_kept":239,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Item reviewed","Included in main review","Comments"]
["Lu et al 2016","Yes"]
["Abid et al (2015a)","Yes"]
["Abid et al (2015b)","Yes"]
["Adewole et al (2014)","Yes"]
["Admasu and Debessa 2015","Yes"]
["Alem et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Anguelovski et al. 2014","Yes"]
["Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Yes"]
["Aswani et al 2016","Yes"]
["Bahinipati and Venkatachalam 2015","Yes"]
["Bahl (2015)","Yes"]
["Balama et al 2016","Yes"]
["Balehegn et al 2015","Yes"]
["Banerjee 2015","Yes"]
["Banerjee et al 2016","Yes"]
["Barkmann et al 2016","Yes"]
["Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Yes"]
["Bele et al. 2012","Yes"]
["Below et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Bendito and Twomlow (2014)","Yes"]
["Berhau & Beyene (2015)","Yes"]
["Berkhout et al 2015","Yes"]
["Betzold 2015","Yes"]
["Bhattarai et al 2015","Yes"]
["Bojovic et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Boonstra and Hanh 2015","Yes"]
["Bradley et al 2015","Yes"]
["Briske et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Byers et al. 2014","Yes"]
["Byrne et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Cameron 2015","Yes"]
["Campbell 2013","No - Very low certainty of the details of expected migration"]
["Carlson and McCormick 2015","Yes"]
["Chandra et al (2016)","Yes"]
["Chen and Hsu 2014","Yes"]
["Chiper (2015)","Yes"]
["Christmann et al 2015","Yes"]
["Cloutier et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Cobbinah and Anane (2015)","Yes"]
["Comoé and Siegrist 2015","Yes"]
["Cox et al 2015","Yes"]
["De Jalon and Iglesias 2014","Yes"]
["Dhanya and Ramachandran 2016","Yes"]
["Donner and Webber 2014","Yes"]
["Dumenu and Obeng 2016","Yes"]
["Elgin-Stuczynski and Batterbury 2014","Yes"]
["Fujisawa et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Galdies et al 2016","Yes"]
["Galicia et al 2015","Yes"]
["Gebauer and Doevenspeck 2015","Yes"]
["Geneletti and Zargo 2016","Yes"]
["Goulding et al. 2016","Yes"]
["Gray and Wise 2015","Yes"]
["Gunawasa and Kuwa 2014","Yes"]
["Haque et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Henneron et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Hobday et al 2016","Yes"]
["Hopkins 2014","Yes"]
["Hopkins et al 2015","Yes"]
["Huq 2016","Yes"]
["Iglesias & Garrote (2015)","Yes"]
["INDC - Andorra","No"]
["INDC - Angola","Yes"]
["INDC - Bahrain","Yes"]
["INDC - Benin","Yes"]
["INDC - Camerun","Yes"]
["INDC - Chile","Yes"]
["INDC - Comoros","Yes"]
["INDC - Congo","Yes"]
["INDC - Cuba","Yes"]
["INDC - Democratic People's Republic of Korea","Yes"]
["INDC - Democratic Republic of Congo ","Yes"]
["INDC - El Salvador","Yes"]
["INDC - Equatorial Guinea","Yes"]
["INDC - Gabon","Yes"]
["INDC - Guatemala","Yes"]
["INDC - Haiti","Yes"]
["INDC - Honduras","Yes"]
["INDC - Ivory Coast ","Yes"]
["INDC - Jamaica","Yes"]
["INDC - Kuwait","Yes"]
["INDC - Malaysia","Yes"]
["INDC - Mali","Yes"]
["INDC - Mauritanie","Yes"]
["INDC - Nepal","Yes"]
["INDC - Nigeria","Yes"]
["INDC - Niue","Yes"]
["INDC - Pakistan","Yes"]
["INDC - Palau","Yes"]
["INDC - Panama","Yes"]
["INDC - Paraguay","Yes"]
["INDC - Rwanda","Yes"]
["INDC - Senegal ","Yes"]
["INDC - Sri Lanka","Yes"]
["INDC - St. Kitts and Nevis","Yes"]
["INDC - Tonga","Yes"]
["INDC - Tuvalu","Yes"]
["INDC - Venezuela","Yes"]
["Jim (2015)","Yes"]
["Jin et al 2015a","Yes"]
["Jin et al 2015b","Yes"]
["Jonsson et al 2015","Yes"]
["Keshavarz and Karami 2014 ","Yes"]
["Khan and Omprakash 2016","Yes"]
["Kibue et al (2014)","Yes"]
["Kirschen et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Kotecky et al 2015","Yes"]
["Landicho et al 2016","Yes"]
["Lei et al 2016","Yes"]
["Lei et al 2016","Yes"]
["Li et al (2015a)","Yes"]
["Li et al (2015b)","Yes"]
["Limantol et al 2016","Yes"]
["Lim-Camacho et al (2014)","Yes"]
["Lwasa et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Malatinszky 2016","Yes"]
["Maninder and Singh 2015","Yes"]
["Maung et al 2016","Yes"]
["McDowell et al. 2014","Yes"]
["Megersa et al. 2014","Yes"]
["Meza (2015)","Yes"]
["Morin et al 2015","Yes"]
["Mosberg and Eriksen 2015","Yes"]
["Mugi-Ngenga et al 2016","Yes"]
["Muis et al 2016","Yes"]
["Muita et al 2016","Yes"]
["Muller and Shackleton 2013","No - no adaptive measures taken"]
["Murray et al 2012 (chapter 9) in IPCC (2012) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation","Yes","Info only taken from case studies. May be more info in there, but it seem to be very broad scale only."]
["Nadmani and Watanable 2016","Yes"]
["NAPA - Afghanistan","Yes","All taken from Annex 10"]
["NAPA - Angola","Yes","All taken from final sections"]
["NAPA - Bangladesh","Yes"]
["NAPA - Benin","Yes"]
["NAPA - Bhutan","Yes"]
["NAPA - Burkina Faso","Yes"]
["NAPA - Burundi","Yes"]
["NAPA - Cambodia","Yes"]
["NAPA - Cape Verde","Yes"]
["NAPA - Central African Republic","Yes"]
["NAPA - Chad","Yes"]
["NAPA - Comoros","Yes"]
["NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo","Yes"]
["NAPA - Djibouti","Yes"]
["NAPA - Equatorial Guinea","Yes"]
["NAPA - Eritrea","Yes"]
["NAPA - Ethiopia","Yes"]
["NAPA - Gambia","Yes"]
["NAPA - Guinea","Yes"]
["NAPA - Guinea-Bisseau","Yes"]
["NAPA - Haiti","Yes"]
["NAPA - Kiribati","Yes"]
["NAPA - Lao","Yes"]
["NAPA - Lesotho","Yes"]
["NAPA - Liberia","Yes"]
["NAPA - Malawi","Yes"]
["NAPA - Maldives","Yes"]
["NAPA - Mauritania","Yes"]
["NAPA - Mozambique","Yes"]
["NAPA - Myanmar","Yes"]
["NAPA - Nepal","Yes"]
["NAPA - Niger","Yes"]
["NAPA - Rwanda","Yes"]
["NAPA - Samoa","Yes"]
["NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe","Yes","Taken from Annex 1 tables"]
["NAPA - Senegal","Yes"]
["NAPA - Sierra Leone","Yes"]
["NAPA - Solomon Islands","Yes"]
["NAPA - Somalia","Yes"]
["NAPA - Sudan","Yes"]
["NAPA - Tanzania","Yes"]
["NAPA - Timor-Leste","Yes"]
["NAPA - Togo","Yes"]
["NAPA - Tuvalu","Yes"]
["NAPA - Uganda","Yes"]
["NAPA - Vanuatu","Yes"]
["NAPA - Yemen","Yes"]
["NAPA - Zambia","Yes"]
["Narayanan et al 2016","Yes"]
["Nawrotzki et al 2016","Yes"]
["Ndamani et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Ng'ang'a et al 2016","Yes"]
["Nguyen et al 2015","Yes"]
["Nguyen et al 2016","Yes"]
["Nkomwa et al 2014","Yes"]
["O Odemerho (2014)","Yes"]
["Ochieng et al 2016","Yes"]
["Ofoegbu et al 2016","Yes"]
["Olmstead et al 2016","Yes"]
["Papadaskalopoulou et al 2015","Yes"]
["Paz et al (2016)","Yes"]
["Picketts (2014)","Yes"]
["Pinkard et al (2015)","Yes"]
["Pinkard et al (2015) citing Hallegatte (2009)","Yes"]
["Rehman and Alam (2016)","Yes"]
["Sada et al 2013","Yes"]
["Seo 2015","Yes"]
["Shi et al 2016","Yes"]
["Shinjin and Dahe (2015)","Yes"]
["Shisanya and Mafongoya 2016","Yes"]
["Shrestha and Nepal (2016)","Yes"]
["Shrestha and Trang (2014)","Yes"]
["Simatele et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Singh and Singh 2015","Yes"]
["Sosa-Rodriguez 2012","Yes"]
["Sparks 2014","Yes"]
["Stephens and Wilson 2016"]
["Stojanov et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Strauch et al 2015","Yes"]
["Stuart and Schewe 2016","Yes"]
["Suckall et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Suckall et all 2014","No - no links between actions and CC"]
["Swe et al. 2015","Yes"]
["Tan et al 2015","Yes"]
["Thomas et al 2016","Yes"]
["Thrasivoulou et al 2015","Yes"]
["Trærup and Stephan (2015)","Yes"]
["van der Veeken et al 2016","Yes"]
["Varela-Ortega et al 2016","Yes"]
["Vedeld et al 2016","Yes"]
["Wamsler et al 2016","Yes"]
["Wang et al 2016","Yes"]
["Yéo et al 2016","Yes"]
["Yin et al 2016","Yes"]
["Yousefpour and Hanewinkel 2015","Yes"]
["Yu et al 2014","Yes"]
["Yung et al. 2015 `","Yes"]
["Wang et al 2014","Yes"]
["Tripathi and Singh","Yes"]
["Wang et al 2013","Yes"]
["Yaro 2013","Yes"]
["Kassie et al 2013","Yes"]
["Aggarwal 2013","Yes"]
["Li et al 2013","Yes"]
["Negro 2013","Yes"]
["Scmitt et al 2013","Yes"]
["Bele et al 2013","Yes"]
["Cohen et al 2012","Yes"]
["Vincent et al 2013","Yes"]

{"sheet":"Summary stats","index":2,"n_rows":179,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":179,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Country(ies)_Unique","Cleaned_Countries","Sources_Unique"]
["Angola","Angola","Abimbola, 2014"]
["11 African countries","Algeria","Addo et al., 2011","Total number of responses: 1865"]
["57 SIDS","Benin","Adewole et al., 2014"]
["Algeria","Botswana","Admasu and Debessa 2015","Biodiversity impacts mentioned (negative)",{"$f":"SUBTOTAL(3, 'Extracted info'!M478:M1735)","v":1256}]
["Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria and  Yemen","Burkina Faso","Adoho and Wodon, 2014",null,"in 22 SOURCES"]
["Benin","Burundi","Alem et al. 2015","Changes in weather/climate",null,null,"Responses to climate changes"]
["Botswana","Cameroon","Antwi-Agyei et al. 2014","Ice/Permafrost melt",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Ice*\")","v":0},{"$f":"E8/$E$5","v":0},"Natural habitat encroachment",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*natural habitat*\")","v":20},{"$f":"H8/$E$5","v":1.5923566878980892E-2}]
["Burkina Faso","Cape Verde","Archer et al., 2014","Cold spells/Frost",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Cold spell*\")","v":17},{"$f":"E9/$E$5","v":1.3535031847133758E-2},"Disease/pest mgmt",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Disease*\")","v":37},{"$f":"H9/$E$5","v":2.945859872611465E-2}]
["Burkina Faso, Ghana","Central African Republic","Artur and Hilhorst, 2012","Wildfires",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Wildfire*\")","v":22},1.751592356687898E-2,"Fishing/aquaculture practices",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Fishing*\")","v":30},2.3885350318471339E-2]
["Burkina Faso, Sudan","Chad","Balama et al 2016","Changes in wind",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Changes in wind*\")","v":48},3.8216560509554139E-2,"Livelihood location",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Livelihood location*\")","v":51},4.0605095541401272E-2]
["Burundi","Comoros","Balehegn et al 2015","Storms",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Storms*\")","v":51},4.0605095541401272E-2,"Migration",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Migration*\")","v":75},5.9713375796178345E-2]
["Cameroon","Côte d’Ivoire","Bawakyillenuo et al 2016","Erosion/landslides",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Erosion*\")","v":67},5.3343949044585989E-2,"Livelihood type",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Livelihood type*\")","v":97},7.7229299363057322E-2]
["Camerun","Democratic Republic of Congo ","Bele et al 2013","Increased rainfall",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Increased rainfall*\")","v":100},7.9617834394904455E-2,"Energy source",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Energy*\")","v":100},7.9617834394904455E-2]
["Cape Verde","Djibouti","Bele et al. 2012","Sea level rise",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Sea level rise*\")","v":120},9.5541401273885357E-2,"Livestock mgmt",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Livestock*\")","v":149},0.11863057324840764]
["Central African Republic","Egypt","Below et al. 2015","Flooding",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Flooding*\")","v":311},0.24761146496815287,"Land conversion",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Land*\")","v":176},0.14012738853503184]
["Chad","Equatorial Guinea","Bendito and Twomlow, 2014","Decreased rainfall",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Decreased rainfall*\")","v":371},0.29538216560509556,"Natural resource use",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Natural resource*\")","v":244},0.19426751592356689]
["Comoros","Eritrea","Berhau & Beyene, 2015","Other (please specify)",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Other (please specify)*\")","v":383},0.30493630573248409,"Infrastructure dev",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Infrastructure*\")","v":272},0.21656050955414013]
["Congo","Ethiopia","Betzold, 2015","Changes in timing of season",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Changes in timing of season*\")","v":399},0.3176751592356688,"Water mgmt",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Water*\")","v":328},0.26114649681528662]
["Congo and DRC","Gabon","Birkmann et al., 2010","Heat waves/Hotter days",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Heat wave*\")","v":412},0.32802547770700635,"Other",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Other*\")","v":221},0.17595541401273884]
["Congo basin nations","Gambia","Bisaro et al., 2010","Drought",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$F$2:$F$1851, \"*Drought*\")","v":791},0.62977707006369432,"Crop practices",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Extracted info'!$I$2:$I$1851, \"*Crop*\")","v":533},0.42436305732484075]
["Côte d’Ivoire","Ghana","Braman et al., 2010"]
["Cote ivoire","Guinea","Brown et al., 2010"]
["Democratic Republic of Congo","Guinea-Bissau","Bryan et al., 2013"]
["Democratic Republic of Congo ","Ivory Coast","Chhetri et al., 2012"]
["Developing countries - unspecified","Kenya","Chong, 2014"]
["Djibouti","Lesotho","Claessens et al., 2012"]
["Egypt","Liberia","Cobbinah and Anane  2015"]
["Equatorial Guinea","Madagascar","Comoé et al., 2014"]
["Eritrea","Malawi","De Jalon and Iglesias 2014"]
["Ethiopia","Mali","Diakhite et al., 2011"]
["Ethiopia, Jordan","Mauritania","Drimie & Gillespie, 2010"]
["Gabon","Mauritius","Dumenu and Obeng, 2016"]
["Gambia","Morocco","Ebi et al., 2011"]
["Ghana","Mozambique","Elahee, 2014"]
["Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria, Mozambique, Kenya","Niger","Fujisawa et al., 2015"]
["Global","Nigeria","Gebauer and Doevenspeck, 2015"]
["Guinea","Rwanda","Gebrehiwot & van der Veen, 2014"]
["Guinea-Bissau","Sao Tome and Principe","Gherardi et al., 2014"]
["Haiti","Senegal","Gray and Wise, 2015"]
["Ivory Coast","Sierra Leone","Hardee & Mutunga, 2009"]
["Kenya","Somalia","Hartmann, 2010"]
["Lesotho","South Africa","Harvey et al., 2014"]
["Liberia","South Africa ","Heath et al., 2012"]
["Madagascar","Sudan","Hertel & Lobell, 2014"]
["Malawi","Tanzania","Hisali et al., 2011"]
["Mali","Togo","Hoang et al., 2014"]
["Mauritania","Uganda","Hobday et al 2016"]
["Mauritania, Senegal and Mali","Yemen","INDC - Benin, 2015"]
["Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Cape Verde,","Zambia","INDC - Camerun"]
["Mauritanie","Zimbabwe","INDC - Comoros, 2015"]
["Mauritius",null,"INDC - Congo, 2015"]
["Morocco",null,"INDC - Democratic Republic of Cong, 2015"]
["Mozambique",null,"INDC - Equatorial Guinea, 2015"]
["Niger",null,"INDC - Gabon, 2015"]
["Nigeria",null,"INDC - Ivory Coast, 2015"]
["Nigeria, Indonesia",null,"INDC - Mali, 2015"]
["Norway",null,"INDC - Mauritanie, 2015"]
["Not specified",null,"INDC - Senegal, 2015"]
["Rwanda",null,"INDC Angola, 2015"]
["Sahel countries",null,"INDC Nigeria, 2015"]
["Sao Tome and Principe",null,"INDC Rwanda, 2015"]
["Senegal",null,"Johnson and Krishnamurthy, 2010"]
["Senegal, Cameroon, and Ghana",null,"Jones et al., 2012"]
["Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria",null,"Jorgensen et al., 2014"]
["Sierra Leone",null,"Kahinda & Taigbenu"]
["Somalia",null,"Kasali, 2011"]
["South Africa",null,"Kassie et al., 2013"]
["South Africa ",null,"Klaiber, 2014"]
["South Africa, Mozambique",null,"Kolawole et al., 2016"]
["Southern Africa",null,"Kuenzer and Renaud, 2012"]
["Sub-Saharan Africa",null,"Lasco et al., 2013"]
["Sudan",null,"Laube et al., 2012"]
["Tanzania",null,"Limantol et al., 2016"]
["the Comoros",null,"Lutz, 2011"]
["Togo",null,"Lwasa et al., 2015"]
["Togo, The Gambia",null,"Maiti et al., 2014"]
["Uganda",null,"Mannke, 2011"]
["Yemen",null,"Martinez et al., 2011"]
["Zambia",null,"Matarira et al., 2013"]
["Zimbabwe",null,"Megersa et al. 2014"]
[null,null,"Mertz et al., 2011"]
[null,null,"Milman & Arsano, 2014"]
[null,null,"Mosberg and Eriksen, 2015"]
[null,null,"Moser & Satterthwaite, 2008"]
[null,null,"Moula, 2010"]
[null,null,"Mugi-Ngenga et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Muita et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Munang, 2014"]
[null,null,"Murray et al., 2012 (chapter 9 in IPCC)"]
[null,null,"Mustelin et al., 2011"]
[null,null,"Nadmani and Watanable, 2016"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Angola, 2011"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Angola, 2011"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Benin, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Burkina Faso, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Burundi, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Cape Verde, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Central African Republic, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Chad, 2010"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Comoros, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Democratic Republic of Congo, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Djibouti, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Equatorial Guinea, 2013"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Eritrea, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Ethiopia, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Gambia, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Guinea, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Guinea-Bissau, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Lesotho, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Liberia, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Madagascar, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Malawi, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Mali, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Mauritania, 2004"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Mozambique, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Niger, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Rwanda, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Sao Tome and Principe, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Senegal, 2006"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Sierra Leone, 2008"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Somalia, 2013"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Sudan, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Tanzania, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Togo, 2009"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Uganda, 2007"]
[null,null,"NAPA - Zambia, 2007"]
[null,null,"Ndamani et al., 2015"]
[null,null,"Ng'ang'a et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010"]
[null,null,"Nkomwa et al., 2014"]
[null,null,"O Odemerho, 2014"]
[null,null,"Ochieng et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Odeku & Meyer, 2010"]
[null,null,"Ofoegbu et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Ogalleh et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Olsson & Jerneck, 2010"]
[null,null,"Oluwasusi, 2013"]
[null,null,"Osbahr et al., 2010"]
[null,null,"Oyekale & Oladele, 2012"]
[null,null,"Oyekale and Gedion, 2012\n"]
[null,null,"Paz et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Prabhakar et al., 2014"]
[null,null,"Roberts, 2010"]
[null,null,"Robledo et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Sahnoune et al., 2013"]
[null,null,"Sanneh et al., 2014"]
[null,null,"Scheffran et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Schilling et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Schulze, 2011"]
[null,null,"Shi et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Shisanya and Mafongoya., 2016"]
[null,null,"Silvestri et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Simatele et al. 2015"]
[null,null,"Sissoko et al., 2011"]
[null,null,"Snorek et al., 2014"]
[null,null,"Songok et al., 2011"]
[null,null,"Sonwa et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Sonwa et al., 2011"]
[null,null,"Speranza, 2010"]
[null,null,"Stringer et al., 2010"]
[null,null,"Suckall et al., 2015"]
[null,null,"Symons, 2014"]
[null,null,"Tabi et al., 2012"]
[null,null,"Tambo and Abdoulaye, 2012"]
[null,null,"Teka et al., 2013"]
[null,null,"Thomas et al., 2007"]
[null,null,"Thornton & Gerber, 2010"]
[null,null,"Vedeld et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Vincent et al., 2013"]
[null,null,"Walmsley, 2011"]
[null,null,"Wiid and Ziervogel, 2012"]
[null,null,"Wiid and Ziervogel, 2013"]
[null,null,"Wodon et al., 2014"]
[null,null,"Woodley, 2011"]
[null,null,"Yaro., 2013"]
[null,null,"Yéo et al., 2016"]
[null,null,"Yumagulova, 2011"]
[null,null,"Ziervogeuet al., 2010"]