Gorilla Tourism in Dzanga-Sangha–A 17-year story–that continues

The Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas (DSPA) located in the south western Central African Republic (CAR) and the northern edge of the Congo basin is managed by the CAR government, with significant financial and technical support from WWF. The 4,579 km2 DSPA is an area of exceptional regional and international. Since the early 1990s, DSPA runs an ecotourism programme to valorize its exceptional biodiversity and natural resources as well as showcase the traditional cultures and customs of the local people. 

As part of the DSPA Ecotourism Programme, a Primate Habituation Programme (PHP) was launched in 1997 with the main aim to habituate western lowland gorillas for tourism and research. To date, the PHP has successfully habituated three western lowland gorilla (WLG) groups while two additional groups are presently undergoing habituation. The PHP employs 60 local people as trackers (the Ba’Aka) and guides, based in two forest camps; Bai Hokou and Mongambe. Apart from being a source of employment to the local people the programme plays a vital role in DSPA’s management strategy by generating significant revenue and strengthening the vital link with the community, hence acting as an important conservation tool. Up to 2011 the PHP received about 550 tourists annually; including film crews and international journalists. Additionally, extensive research has been carried out from the PHP sites, resulting in numerous scientific publications. By 2012, gorilla tracking fees covered about 75% of the direct operational costs of the PHP and projections showed that the programme could potentially become self-sustainable by 2016. Gorilla tourism at Dzanga-Sangha thus can be considered one of the most successful WLG tourism and research programme in central Africa. 

However, despite the seemingly suitable conditions for a perennially flourishing and financially profitable eco-tourism programme, instability has overwhelmed the CAR for nearly 2 decades with multiple coup d’état attempts and over the last two years, the worst violence ever witnessed by this generation of CAR citizens. Besides significant operational challenges due to urgent security concerns, tourist numbers in DSPA dwindled to zero. Consequently, the PHP, which largely depends on gorilla tracking fees, was unable to fully cover its operational costs. However, the two gorilla camps maintained at least a minimal level of functioning in order to ensure continuous follows of the gorillas, thereby avoiding an abrupt cessation to critical gorilla surveillance activities. 

With the above challenges it might be debated as to whether or not it is worth struggling to assure the continuous functioning of the PHP under such challenging circumstances. However, numerous arguments for supporting the project’s continuation emerge especially as calm slowly returned to the region. Indeed it can thus also be argued that the PHP is a treasure to be jealously guarded, even through the most difficult periods imaginable.

Event Resources:

Find the presentation slides here.

Find the webinar recording here.

Marxan workshop in Kigoma

ABCG Releases Final Report for 2007 – 2015 USAID Cooperative Agreement

We at the Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group (ABCG) are pleased to announce the release of our Final Technical Report for U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Cooperative Agreement RLA-A-00-07-00043-00, which concluded on March 31, 2015. Over the seven-and-a-half-year life of the agreement, our seven member NGOs and their partners conducted activities under 22 different tasks to address major threats to Africa’s biodiversity and contribute to sound development and security in Africa through the wise use of natural resources and the maintenance of ecosystem services.

Marxan workshop in Kigoma

Our accomplishments under the agreement underscore the assets our unique consortium offers conservation: pooling members’ resources toward common goals, acting quickly to respond to emerging issues, and forming innovative partnerships. Four member NGOs—Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy, Wildlife Conservation Society, and World Wildlife Fund-United States—combined their expertise and on-the-ground presence to develop and test in four African countries a survey that can serve as a profession-wide model for learning how rural people in natural-resource livelihoods cope with global climate change’s effects on their local ecosystems. Our members seized the opportunity of fledgling relationships among religious and conservation leaders to generate interest in East African and Chinese faith communities to fight the trafficking of African wildlife. And, recognizing that development projects which combine freshwater conservation goals for biodiversity wellbeing with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) goals for human wellbeing can accomplish more, and more cost-effectively, than single-sector freshwater efforts, we created the first-ever template for cooperation between these two communities of practice.

The report presents highlights from these and the other activities we undertook through USAID’s generous support. We hope readers will find the report informative, and that the consortium’s work under the agreement will serve as a foundation for conservation in Africa for years to come.

Another continental vulture crisis: Africa’s vultures collapsing toward extinction

Vultures provide critical ecosystem services, yet populations of many vulture species have collapsed worldwide. In Africa, vultures face a range of threats, most significantly poisoning and trade in traditional medicines. In this talk, The Peregrine Fund’s Darcy Ogada will present the first estimates of a 30-year pan-African vulture decline, drawing on results of a collaborative study recently published in the journal Conservation Letters. Populations of eight species assessed had declined by an average of 62%; seven had declined by 80% or more over three generations. Of these, at least six appear to qualify for uplisting to Critically Endangered status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). These estimates indicate that declines have occurred on a scale comparable to those seen in Asia, where the ecological, economic, and human costs of vulture decreases are already documented. Dr. Ogada will discuss these trends and threats to vultures, with a focus on her work on vultures in northern Kenya.

Event Resources:

Download the presentation slides here.

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Documenting human responses to changes in weather and climate in Africa

The ABCG Climate Change Adaptation Task Team (comprising staff from Conservation InternationalThe Nature Conservancy,Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund) presented its findings from qualitative research undertaken through interviews and focus groups in selected African communities in which ABCG Group members work.  

Far removed from decision-making bodies and financial resources, rural communities in Africa and elsewhere are often left to their own devices to cope with and adapt to change. What can we learn from these communities? Can successful responses serve as models for others? Are unplanned responses leading to maladaption? How are responses, successful or otherwise, affecting wildlife and ecosystems? Because coping and autonomous responses go largely undocumented, we miss important opportunities to learn from the experiences of these communities and integrate learning into conservation planning efforts. This pilot ABCG project has begun to investigate this gap in our understanding.

Event Resources: 

Find the comprehensive report entitled ABCG Project Documenting Human Responses to Changes in Weather and Climate in Africa here.

Download the presentation slides here.

Watch the webinar via this link.

Making Good Things Big: Global Scaling Up of Fish Forever, a Pathway to Sustained Incomes for Artisanal Fishers

Rare, in partnership with the Environmental Defense Fund and the University of California, Santa Barbara, is implementing its first global initiative: Fish Forever. The Fish Forever partnership aims to catalyze a global movement of near-shore fisheries reform in the developing tropics to ensure profitable and sustainable fisheries, while boosting livelihoods, protecting habitats, and enhancing coastal resilience. The aspiration is to motivate communities, and then nations, to adopt management systems of territorial user rights for fisheries combined with no-fishing zones (known as TURF + reserves) in five countries—Belize, Brazil, Indonesia, Mozambique, and the Philippines—by 2022. As of mid-2015, Fish Forever is being implemented in more than 40 sites around the world.

To help realize this ambition, Rare contracted Management Systems International (MSI), an international firm at the forefront of scaling successful development programs and innovative initiatives for more than a decade. MSI developed what have become some of the most widely used methodologies for scaling up—Scaling Up: From Vision to Large-Scale Change, and the Scaling-Up Toolkit—based on 10 years of learning from field experience. MSI and Rare developed a set of program proof points to validate the Fish Forever model and to rigorously test implementation modalities affecting the program’s ability to be widely scaled. MSI’s work with Rare confirmed the importance of considering scale from the program’s start, rather than trying to retrofit a proven product for scale later on.

Event Resources: 

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Watch the webinar recording below:

Download the webinar recording here.

African Forest Elephant trio

Challenges and perspectives for saving the last forest elephants of DRC

African Forest Elephant trioCurrently, poaching is devastating elephant populations across Africa, especially in DR Congo. Their numbers have been in constant decline due to several factors, key among them the lack of effective law enforcement across the country in the wildlife sector and overall weakness of ICCN, the government institution responsible for protection and nature conservation in the country. In the Okapi Faunal Reserve, for example, the elephant population declined by approximately 75% from 1996 to 2011.

Several approaches have been implemented in the country to assist ICCN to protect the elephant populations; however, they have proved to be limited in effectiveness and unable to significantly curb the poaching problem. Today, should we give up in front of the magnitude of the disaster that affects elephants or should we imagine new forms of partnership with African governments to save elephants and especially the remaining last populations of forest elephants in DRC?  The Wildlife Conservation Society shares their approaches currently being taken to conserve elephants in DRC.

Event Resources: 

Overview of the WCS Democratic Republic of the Congo Program, 2015

Watch the webinar recording below:

Download the webinar recording here.

Rhinos horn to horn by Annie Katz

AWFs Emergency Response to the Poaching Crisis

Poaching and trafficking of Africa’s wildlife is escalating to unsustainable crisis proportions. Dr. Muruthi’s presentation highlighted how the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) and partners are responding under three key areas—Stop the Killing, Stop the Trafficking, and Stop the Demand. In 2012 AWF established, in addition to its overall conservation approach, a Species Protection Grants Program under which a $10 million Urgent Response Fund was started in 2014. 

Rhinos horn to horn by Annie Katz
Photo courtesy of Craig R. Sholley /AWF.

 The talk discussed how species and populations for support are selected, which populations have been supported and which will be targeted in the coming two years. Countries targeted and specific support provided under Stop the Trafficking will be reported. Efforts under Stop the Demand have been targeted to China and Vietnam but recently AWF has embarked on a campaign focusing on Africa starting with Tanzania. AWF prioritized supporting boots on the ground, providing prosecutorial training, deploying detector dogs at ports, and campaigns towards reducing demand. Philip’s talk portrayed expenditures on each group of focal species including elephants, great apes, large carnivores and rhinoceros. Although the overall trend in poaching is of great concern, AWFs program combined with efforts of partners is achieving positive results in many focal populations. The poaching crisis is happening within the context of habitat loss and fragmentation and only through concerted efforts can the continued survival of Africa’s wildlife can be ensured. 

Event Resources:

Click here for the slide deck.

Watch the webinar recording below:

Download the webinar recording here.

painted Dog Abakwenyana alpha pair

Using satellites to understand trans-boundary landscapes and integrate species management in the Painted dog Lycaon pictus

In increasingly human dominated landscapes anthropogenic disturbance and mortality threatens wildlife populations from increasing isolation and subsequent interference with important biological processes such as dispersal and natural gene flow.

This investigation presents the importance of connectivity, and identification of landscapes that can be deemed “appropriate biological units”. Satellite data in both the form of habitat mapping and collar data acquisition can facilitate species habitat preference models that can lead to informed decisions and species specific landscape strategies. Across such landscapes wide ranging species are often the most vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, and this presentation will demonstrate the value of integrated species modelling using data from the wolf in Canada. 

painted Dog Abakwenyana alpha pair

The presentation shared data on the painted dog, and a new initiative to meaningfully use collars as a conservation tool. These data will reveal unlikely habitat preference and highlight how both collars and these data can lead to the facilitation of a landscape strategy for this and other species.

Event Resources:

Find the webinar recording here.

Find the presentation slides here.

TIST in the field Vanessa H

Tree-Planting, Farmers, and Carbon: Grassroots Solutions for Forest and Landscape Restoration

It’s no news that deforestation is a driver of biodiversity loss, resource degradation, and climate change. Bringing trees back is therefore essential to reversing these trends.

 TIST in the field Vanessa H

TIST (The International Small Group and Tree Planting Program) has 15 years of grassroots success empowering 70,000 farmers in East Africa and India to reverse the effects of deforestation, drought, and famine through tree-planting, agroforestry, and related practices. The program’s dramatic biodiversity, environmental, and economic results have been third-party verified 19 times by the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) program and Climate, Community, and Biodiversity Standards. TIST’s award-winning monitoring system accurately and inexpensively tracks trees’ species, age, biomass content, and GPS location on plots as small as one-tenth of a hectare, facilitating carbon sales. TIST proves that poor farmers can restore their farms and nearby landscapes, increase carbon absorption, improve biodiversity, and provide livelihood benefits. TIST is funded by the sale of carbon credits through VCS.

The World Resources Institute has conducted research identifying the locations and scope of degraded land worldwide. This data-driven research coupled with TIST’s granular operational data demonstrate the enormous potential of a global reforestation initiative.

Event Resources:

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Gorilla subspecies and land cover Congo Basin

Cross River Gorillas: Back from the edge of extinction

The Cross River gorilla is the most threatened African ape, found only in a small mountainous area on the border between Nigeria and Cameroon. Ten years ago the species was considered by many to be on the brink of extinction.  But concerted effort across Nigeria and Cameroon has dramatically improved the conservation status of the species, although it is still classified by IUCN as critically endangered.  New protected areas have been created and new approaches to involve local communities in conservation efforts have been developed. Although threats remain, the long-term survival prospects for the Cross River gorilla are increasingly positive.  

Gorilla subspecies and land cover Congo Basin

This presentation focused on the partnership between the Wildlife Conservation Society, the North Carolina Zoo and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and described their collective conservation achievements in Nigeria and Cameroon over the past ten years.

Event Resources 

Watch the webinar recording here.

Download the slide presentation here.

Read the Revised Action Plan for the Cross River Gorilla: 2014 – 2019 here.